Muslim Students' Dispositional Mindfulness and Mental Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Core Self-Evaluation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25217/igcj.v5i1.2175Keywords:
core self-evaluation, dispositional mindfulness, mediation, mental wellbeing, Muslim studentsAbstract
This study analyses the mediating role of Core Self-evaluation (CSE) on the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and mental wellbeing. A sample of 184 Muslim students (Mage = 22.08) studying in the different universities completed the self-report measures of the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), the Core Self-evaluations Scale (CSES), and the Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (SWEMWBS). The collected responses are subjected to multiple regression and mediation analyses. The results revealed that dispositional mindfulness and core self-evaluations significantly predicted mental well-being. It is found that core self-evaluation fully mediates the effect of dispositional mindfulness on mental well-being. Moreover, it is also observed that measures of dispositional mindfulness, core self-evaluation, and mental well-being are indifferent with respect to students’ gender. Therefore, the study highlights the importance of core self-evaluation and explains a possible process by which depositional mindfulness enhances Muslim students' mental well-being.
References
Abikoye, G. E., & Sholarin, M. A. (2012). core-self evaluations and psychological health among caregivers of psychiatric patients in Southwestern Nigeria. International Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 2(6), 67–72. Google Scholar
Aked, J., ., Marks, N., Cordon, C., & Thompson, S. (2008). A report presented to the Foresight Project on communicating the evidence base for improving people’s well-being. London: New Economics Foundation. Google Scholar
Alispahic, S., & Hasanbegovic-Anic, E. (2017). Mindfulness: Age and gender differences on a Bosnian sample. Psychological Thought, Psychological Thought, 10(1), 155–166. https://doi.org/1.23668/psycharchives.1863
Ardenghi, S., Russo, S., Luciani, M., Salvarani, V., Rampoldi, G., Bani, M., Ausili, D., Di, S., Maria, M., & Strepparava, G. (2022). The association between dispositional mindfulness and empathy among undergraduate nursing students : A multicenter cross-sectional study. Current Psychology, 0123456789. https://doi.org/1.1007/s12144-022-02829-1
Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., & Allen, K. B. (2004). Assessment of Mindfulness by Self-Report: The Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills. Assessment, 11(3), 191–206. https://doi.org/1.1177/1073191104268029
Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Lykins, E., Button, D., Krietemeyer, J., Sauer, S., Walsh, E., Duggan, D., & Williams, J. M. G. (2008). Construct validity of the five facet mindfulness questionnaire in meditating and nonmeditating samples. Assessment, 15(3), 329–342. https://doi.org/1.1177/1073191107313003
Bajaj, B., Gupta, R., & Pande, N. (2016). Self-esteem mediates the relationship between mindfulness and well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 94, 96–1. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/1.1016/j.paid.2016.01.020
Bajaj, B., Robins, R. W., & Pande, N. (2016). The mediating role of self-esteem on the relationship between mindfulness, anxiety, and depression. Personality and Individual Differences, 96(July), 127–131. https://doi.org/1.1016/j.paid.2016.02.085
Bao, X., Xue, S., & Kong, F. (2015). Dispositional mindfulness and perceived stress: The role of emotional intelligence. Personality and Individual Differences, 78, 48–52. https://doi.org/1.1016/j.paid.2015.01.007
Barnhofer, T., Duggan, D. S., & Griffith, J. W. (2011). Dispositional mindfulness moderates the relation between neuroticism and depressive symptoms. Personality and Individual Differences, 51(8), 958–962. https://doi.org/1.1016/j.paid.2011.07.032
Boettcher, J., Åström, V., Påhlsson, D., Schenström, O., Andersson, G., & Carlbring, P. (2014). Internet-Based Mindfulness Treatment for Anxiety Disorders: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Behavior Therapy, 45(2), 241–253. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/1.1016/j.beth.2013.11.003
Bowen, S., Witkiewitz, K., Dillworth, T. M., Chawla, N., Simpson, T. L., Ostafin, B. D., Larimer, M. E., Blume, A. W., Parks, G. A., & Marlatt, G. A. (2006). Mindfulness meditation and substance use in an incarcerated population. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 20(3), 343–347. https://doi.org/1.1037/0893-164X.2.3.343
Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The Benefits of Being Present: Mindfulness and Its Role in Psychological Well-Being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(4), 822–848. https://doi.org/1.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822
Carlson, L. E., & Brown, K. W. (2005). Validation of the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale in a cancer population. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 58(1), 29–33. https://doi.org/1.1016/j.jpsychores.2004.04.366
Carmody, J., & Baer, R. A. (2008). Relationships between mindfulness practice and levels of mindfulness, medical and psychological symptoms and well-being in a mindfulness-based stress reduction program. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 31(1), 23–33. https://doi.org/1.1007/s10865-007-9130-7
Charles, L. S. (2010). Locus of Control : Examining Relationships between Four Distinct but theoretically Related Concepts. Google Scholar
Disabato G. F., Kashdan, T., Short, J., & Jarden, A, D. (2016). Different Types of Well-Being? A Cross-Cultural Examination of Hedonic and Eudaimonic Well-Being. Psychological Assessment, 27(5), 1–1. Psychological Assessment, 27(5), 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/1.1037/pas0000209
Falkenström, F. (2010). Studying mindfulness in experienced meditators: A quasi-experimental approach. Personality and Individual Differences, 48(3), 305–31. https://doi.org/1.1016/j.paid.2009.1.022
Feltman, R., Robinson, M. D., & Ode, S. (2009). Mindfulness as a moderator of neuroticism-outcome relations: A self-regulation perspective. Journal of Research in Personality, 43(6), 953–961. https://doi.org/1.1016/j.jrp.2009.08.009
Fisak, B., & von Lehe, A. C. (2012). The Relation Between the Five Facets of Mindfulness and Worry in a Non-clinical Sample. Mindfulness, 3(1), 15–21. https://doi.org/1.1007/s12671-011-0075-0
Fisher, C. D. (2014). Conceptualizing and Measuring Well-being at Work. Well-being, III, 1–25. https://doi.org/1.1002/9781118539415.wbwell018
Giluk, T. L. (2009). Mindfulness, Big Five personality, and affect: A meta-analysis. Personality and Individual Differences, 47(8), 805–811. https://doi.org/1.1016/j.paid.2009.06.026
Goodall, K., Trejnowska, A., & Darling, S. (2012). The relationship between dispositional mindfulness, attachment security and emotion regulation. Personality and Individual Differences, 52(5), 622–626. https://doi.org/1.1016/j.paid.2011.12.008
Greason, P. B., & Cashwell, C. S. (2009). Counselor preparation mindfulness and counseling self-efficacy: The mediating role of attention and empathy. Counselor Education and Supervision, 49(1), 2–19. https://doi.org/1.1002/j.1556-6978.2009.tb00083.x
Grossman, P., Niemann, L., Schmidt, S., & Walach, H. (2004). Mindfulness-based stress reduction and health benefits: A meta-analysis. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 57(1), 35–43. https://doi.org/1.1016/S0022-3999(03)00573-7
Hanley, A. W. (2016). The mindful personality: Associations between dispositional mindfulness and the Five Factor Model of personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 91, 154–158. https://doi.org/1.1016/j.paid.2015.11.054
Huta, V., & Ryan, R. M. (2010). Pursuing Pleasure or Virtue: The Differential and Overlapping Well-Being Benefits of Hedonic and Eudaimonic Motives. Journal of Happiness Studies, 11(6), 735–762. https://doi.org/1.1007/s10902-009-9171-4
Judge, T. A., Locke, E. A., & Durham, C. C. (1997). The dispositional causes of job satisfaction: A core evaluations approach. In Research in organizational behavior (Vol. 19, pp. 151–188). http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/10016985929/en
Judge, T. A., Locke, E. A., Durham, C. C., & Kluger, A. N. (1998). Dispositional effects on job and life satisfaction: The role of core evaluations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83(1), 17–34. https://doi.org/1.1037//0021-901.83.1.17
Judge, T. A., Thoresen, C. J., Pucik, V., & Welbourne, T. M. (1999). Managerial coping with organizational change: A dispositional perspective. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84(1), 107–122. https://doi.org/1.1037/0021-901.84.1.107
Judge, T. A., Erez, A., Bono, J. E., & Thoresen, C. J. (2003). The core self‐evaluations scale: Development of a measure. Personnel psychology, 56(2), 303-331. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2003.tb00152.x
Kabat-Zinn, J. (1990). Full catastrophe living: using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain, and illness. New York: Bantam Dell. Google Scholar
Kabat-Zinn, J. (1982). An outpatient program in behavioral medicine for chronic pain patients based on the practice of mindfulness meditation: Theoretical considerations and preliminary results. General Hospital Psychiatry, 4(1), 33–47. https://doi.org/1.1016/0163-8343(82)90026-3
Kashdan, T. B., Biswas-Diener, R., & King, L. A. (2008). Reconsidering happiness: The costs of distinguishing between hedonics and eudaimonia. Journal of Positive Psychology, 3(4), 219–233. https://doi.org/1.1080/17439760802303044
Keng, S. L., Smoski, M. J., & Robins, C. J. (2011). Effects of mindfulness on psychological health: A review of empirical studies. Clinical Psychology Review, 31(6), 1041–1056. https://doi.org/1.1016/j.cpr.2011.04.006
Khoury, B., Lecomte, T., Fortin, G., Masse, M., Therien, P., Bouchard, V., Chapleau, M. A., Paquin, K., & Hofmann, S. G. (2013). Mindfulness-based therapy: A comprehensive meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 33(6), 763–771. https://doi.org/1.1016/j.cpr.2013.05.005
Kingery, J. N., Bodenlos, J. S., & Lathrop, J. A. (2020). Facets of dispositional mindfulness versus sources of social support predicting college students’ psychological adjustment. Journal of American College Health, 68(4), 403–41. https://doi.org/1.1080/07448481.2019.1574801
Kong, F., Wang, X., & Zhao, J. (2014). Dispositional mindfulness and life satisfaction: The role of core self-evaluations. Personality and Individual Differences, 56(1), 165–169. https://doi.org/1.1016/j.paid.2013.09.002
Kord, B., & Mehdi pour, H. (2018). The relationship between mindfulness and perceived self-efficacy with subjective well-being among cancer patients in Tabriz hospitals. Iranian Journal of Nursing Research, 13(1), 11–17. https://doi.org/1.21859/ijnr-13012
Lambert, L., Passmore, H. A., & Holder, M. D. (2015). Foundational Frameworks of Positive Psychology: Mapping Well-Being Orientations. Canadian Psychology, 56(3), 311–321. https://doi.org/1.1037/cap0000033
Lavender, J. M., Gratz, K. L., & Tull, M. T. (2011). Exploring the relationship between facets of mindfulness and eating pathology in women. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 40(3), 174–182. https://doi.org/1.1080/16506073.2011.555485
Linehan, M. M. (1993). Dialectical behavior therapy for treatment of borderline personality disorder: Implications for the treatment of substance abuse. NIDA Research Monograph Series, 137, 201–216. Google Scholar
Liu, W., Li, Z., Ling, Y., & Cai, T. (2016). Core self-evaluations and coping styles as mediators between social support and well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 88, 35–39. https://doi.org/1.1016/j.paid.2015.08.044
Lopez, S. J., & Snyder, C. R. (2012). The Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology, (2 Ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology, (2 Ed.), 1–742. https://doi.org/1.1093/oxfordhb/9780195187243.001.0001
Luberto, C. M., Cotton, S., McLeish, A. C., Mingione, C. J., & O’Bryan, E. M. (2014). Mindfulness Skills and Emotion Regulation: The Mediating Role of Coping Self-Efficacy. Mindfulness, 5(4), 373–38. https://doi.org/1.1007/s12671-012-0190-6
Michalak, J., Teismann, T., Heidenreich, T., Ströhle, G., & Vocks, S. (2011). Buffering low self-esteem: The effect of mindful acceptance on the relationship between self-esteem and depression. Personality and Individual Differences, 50(5), 751–754. https://doi.org/1.1016/j.paid.201.11.029
Ni, C., & Wang, Y. (2015). The Impact of Perceived Organizational Support and Core Self-Evaluation on Employee’s Psychological Well-Being. Journal of Human Resource and Sustainability Studies, 03(02), 73–81. https://doi.org/1.4236/jhrss.2015.32011
Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Larson, J., & Grayson, C. (1999). Explaining the gender difference in depressive symptoms. Journal of personality and social psychology, 77(5), 1061. https://doi.org/1.1037//0022-3514.77.5.1061
Oman, D., Hedberg, J., Downs, D., & Parsons, D. (2003). A Transcultural Spiritually Based Program to Enhance Caregiving Self-Efficacy: A Pilot Study. Complementary Health Practice Review, 8(3), 201–224. https://doi.org/1.1177/1076167503250796
Özer, E., Hamarta, E., & Deniz, M. E. (2016). Emotional Intelligence, Core-Self Evaluation, and Life Satisfaction. Psychology, 07(02), 145–153. https://doi.org/1.4236/psych.2016.72017
Park, H. J., & Dhandra, T. K. (2017). The Effect of Trait Emotional Intelligenceon the Relationship Between Dispositional Mindfulness and Self-esteem. Mindfulness, 8(5), 1206–1211. https://doi.org/1.1007/s12671-017-0693-2
Parto, M., & Besharat, M. A. (2011). Mindfulness, Psychological Well-Being and Psychological Distress in Adolescents: Assessing The Mediating Variables And Mechanisms of Autonomy and Self-Regulation. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 30, 578–582. https://doi.org/1.1016/j.sbspro.2011.1.112
Pepping, C. A., O’Donovan, A., & Davis, P. J. (2013). The positive effects of mindfulness on self-esteem. Journal of Positive Psychology, 8(5), 376–386. https://doi.org/1.1080/1743976.2013.807353
Piccolo, R. F., Judge, T. A., Takahashi, K., Watanabe, N., & Locke, E. A. (2005). Core self-evaluations in Japan: Relative effects on job satisfaction, life satisfaction, and happiness. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26(8), 965–984. https://doi.org/1.1002/job.358
Randal, C., Pratt, D., & Bucci, S. (2015). Mindfulness and Self-esteem: A Systematic Review. Mindfulness, 6(6), 1366–1378. https://doi.org/1.1007/s12671-015-0407-6
Roberts-Wolfe, D., Sacchet, M., Hastings, E., Roth, H., & Britton, W. (2012). Mindfulness Training Alters Emotional Memory Recall Compared to Active Controls: Support for an Emotional Information Processing Model of Mindfulness. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 6, 1–13. https://doi.org/1.3389/fnhum.2012.00015
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68. https://doi.org/1.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68
Ryan, Richard M., & Deci, E. L. (2001). On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 141–166. https://doi.org/1.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.141
Ryff, C. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 1069–1081. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.1069
Schutte, N. S., & Malouff, J. M. (2011). Emotional intelligence mediates the relationship between mindfulness and subjective well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 50(7), 1116–1119. https://doi.org/1.1016/j.paid.2011.01.037
Shapiro, S. L., Carlson, L. E., Astin, J. A., & Freedman, B. (2006). Mechanisms of Mindfulness. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62(3), 373–386. https://doi.org/1.1002/jclp.20237
Short, M. M., Mazmanian, D., Oinonen, K., & Mushquash, C. J. (2016). Executive function and self-regulation mediate dispositional mindfulness and well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 93, 97–103. https://doi.org/1.1016/j.paid.2015.08.007
Simon, C. R., & Durand-Bush, N. (2015). Does self-regulation capacity predict psychological well-being in physicians? Psychology, Health and Medicine, 20(3), 311–321. https://doi.org/1.1080/13548506.2014.936887
Slonim, J., Kienhuis, M., Di Benedetto, M., & Reece, J. (2015). The relationships among self-care, dispositional mindfulness, and psychological distress in medical students. Medical Education Online, 20(1). https://doi.org/1.3402/meo.v2.27924
Smedema, S. M. (2014). Core self-evaluations and well-being in persons with disabilities. Rehabilitation Psychology, 59(4), 407–414. https://doi.org/1.1037/rep0000013
Song, G., Kong, F., & Jin, W. (2012). Mediating Effects of Core Self-Evaluations on The Relationship Between Social Support and Life Satisfaction. Social Indicators Research, 114(3), 1161–1169. https://doi.org/1.1007/s11205-012-0195-5
Stein, D., & Grant, A. M. (2014). Disentangling the relationships among self-reflection, insight, and subjective well-being: The role of dysfunctional attitudes and core self-evaluations. Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied, 148(5), 505–522. https://doi.org/1.1080/0022398.2013.810128
Stewart-Brown, S., Tennant, A., Tennant, R., Platt, S., Parkinson, J., & Weich, S. (2009). Internal construct validity of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (WEMWBS): A Rasch analysis using data from the Scottish Health Education Population Survey. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 7, 1–8. https://doi.org/1.1186/1477-7525-7-15
Sulphey, M. M. (2016). Is Mindfulness a Predictor of Locus of Control. Journal of Applied Management and Investments, 5(2), 121–13. Google Scholar
Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S., & Ullman, J. B. (2007). Multivariate Statistics (Vol. 5). Pearson. https://doi.org/1.4324/9780429500749-17
Tamres, L. K., Janicki, D., & Helgeson, V. S. (2002). Sex Differences in Coping Behavior: A Meta-Analytic Review and an Examination of Relative Coping. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 6(1), 2–3. https://doi.org/1.1207/S15327957PSPR0601_1
Tan, J., Yang, W. U., Ma, H., & Yu, Y. (2016). Adolescents’ core self-evaluations as mediators of the effect of mindfulness on life satisfaction. Social Behavior and Personality, 44(7), 1115–1122. https://doi.org/1.2224/sbp.2016.44.7.1115
Tsaousis, I., Nikolaou, I., Serdaris, N., & Judge, T. A. (2007). Do the core self-evaluations moderate the relationship between subjective well-being and physical and psychological health? Personality and Individual Differences, 42(8), 1441–1452. https://doi.org/1.1016/j.paid.2006.1.025
Waszczuk, M. A., Zavos, H. M. S., Antonova, E., Haworth, C. M., Plomin, R., & Eley, T. C. (2015). A Multivariate twin study of trait mindfulness, depressive symptoms, and anxiety sensitivity. Depression and Anxiety, 32(4), 254–261. https://doi.org/1.1002/da.22326
Wenzel, M., von Versen, C., Hirschmüller, S., & Kubiak, T. (2015). Curb your neuroticism - Mindfulness mediates the link between neuroticism and subjective well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 80, 68–75. https://doi.org/1.1016/j.paid.2015.02.020
Wheeler, M. S., Arnkoff, D. B., & Glass, C. R. (2017). The Neuroscience of Mindfulness: How Mindfulness Alters the Brain and Facilitates Emotion Regulation. Mindfulness, 8(6), 1471–1487. https://doi.org/1.1007/s12671-017-0742-x
Williams, J. M. G. (2008). Mindfulness, Depression and Modes of Mind. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 32(6), 721. https://doi.org/1.1007/s10608-008-9204-z
Yan, X., Su, J., Zhu, X., & He, D. (2013). Loneliness and Subjective Happiness as Mediators of the Effects of Core Self-evaluations on Life Satisfaction Among Chinese College Students. Social Indicators Research, 114(2), 757–766. https://doi.org/1.1007/s11205-012-0172-z
Zhou, Y., & Xu, W. (2019). Short report: the mediator effect of meaning in life in the relationship between self-acceptance and psychological well-being among gastrointestinal cancer patients. Psychology, Health and Medicine, 24(6), 725–731. https://doi.org/1.1080/13548506.2018.1554252
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Mohammad Saleem, Touseef Rizvi, Irfan Bashir

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.