Muslim Students' Dispositional Mindfulness and Mental Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Core Self-Evaluation

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25217/igcj.v5i1.2175

Keywords:

core self-evaluation, dispositional mindfulness, mediation, mental wellbeing, Muslim students

Abstract

This study analyses the mediating role of Core Self-evaluation (CSE) on the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and mental wellbeing. A sample of 184 Muslim students (Mage = 22.08) studying in the different universities completed the self-report measures of the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), the Core Self-evaluations Scale (CSES), and the Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (SWEMWBS). The collected responses are subjected to multiple regression and mediation analyses. The results revealed that dispositional mindfulness and core self-evaluations significantly predicted mental well-being. It is found that core self-evaluation fully mediates the effect of dispositional mindfulness on mental well-being. Moreover, it is also observed that measures of dispositional mindfulness, core self-evaluation, and mental well-being are indifferent with respect to students’ gender. Therefore, the study highlights the importance of core self-evaluation and explains a possible process by which depositional mindfulness enhances Muslim students' mental well-being.

Author Biographies

Mohammad Saleem, University of Kashmir, India

He is a Doctoral Research Scholar at the Department of Psychology, University of Kashmir, India. He holds a Master's Degree in Psychology, Bachelor in Education, and Post-Graduation Diploma in Guidance and Counselling. He is currently pursuing his Ph.D. in Students' intentions to Engage in Substance Abuse. His research interests revolve around health and well-being. Mohammad Saleem can be contacted at saleemkashmiruniveristy@gmail.com.

Touseef Rizvi, University of Kashmir, India

She is working as an Associate Professor in the Department of Psychology, University of Kashmir, India. She has received her Doctorate in Psychology from Aligarh Muslim University. Her research interests revolve around Clinical and Positive Psychology, currently, she is working in the area of Health and Well-being. She has published around 30 research papers in national and international journals. Touseef Rizvi can be contacted at taorizvi@gmail.com.

Irfan Bashir, Islamic University of Science and Technology, India

He is working as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Management Studies, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Pulwama, and J&K. He has received his Doctorate in Management from Pondicherry University, His research interests are in the area of information technology adoption, service technologies, consumer psychology, counterfeit luxury consumption. He has published more than 30 research papers in leading national and international journals. Irfan Bashir can be contacted at irfanbashir18@gmail.com.

References

Abikoye, G. E., & Sholarin, M. A. (2012). core-self evaluations and psychological health among caregivers of psychiatric patients in Southwestern Nigeria. International Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 2(6), 67–72. Google Scholar

Aked, J., ., Marks, N., Cordon, C., & Thompson, S. (2008). A report presented to the Foresight Project on communicating the evidence base for improving people’s well-being. London: New Economics Foundation. Google Scholar

Alispahic, S., & Hasanbegovic-Anic, E. (2017). Mindfulness: Age and gender differences on a Bosnian sample. Psychological Thought, Psychological Thought, 10(1), 155–166. https://doi.org/1.23668/psycharchives.1863

Ardenghi, S., Russo, S., Luciani, M., Salvarani, V., Rampoldi, G., Bani, M., Ausili, D., Di, S., Maria, M., & Strepparava, G. (2022). The association between dispositional mindfulness and empathy among undergraduate nursing students : A multicenter cross-sectional study. Current Psychology, 0123456789. https://doi.org/1.1007/s12144-022-02829-1

Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., & Allen, K. B. (2004). Assessment of Mindfulness by Self-Report: The Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills. Assessment, 11(3), 191–206. https://doi.org/1.1177/1073191104268029

Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Lykins, E., Button, D., Krietemeyer, J., Sauer, S., Walsh, E., Duggan, D., & Williams, J. M. G. (2008). Construct validity of the five facet mindfulness questionnaire in meditating and nonmeditating samples. Assessment, 15(3), 329–342. https://doi.org/1.1177/1073191107313003

Bajaj, B., Gupta, R., & Pande, N. (2016). Self-esteem mediates the relationship between mindfulness and well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 94, 96–1. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/1.1016/j.paid.2016.01.020

Bajaj, B., Robins, R. W., & Pande, N. (2016). The mediating role of self-esteem on the relationship between mindfulness, anxiety, and depression. Personality and Individual Differences, 96(July), 127–131. https://doi.org/1.1016/j.paid.2016.02.085

Bao, X., Xue, S., & Kong, F. (2015). Dispositional mindfulness and perceived stress: The role of emotional intelligence. Personality and Individual Differences, 78, 48–52. https://doi.org/1.1016/j.paid.2015.01.007

Barnhofer, T., Duggan, D. S., & Griffith, J. W. (2011). Dispositional mindfulness moderates the relation between neuroticism and depressive symptoms. Personality and Individual Differences, 51(8), 958–962. https://doi.org/1.1016/j.paid.2011.07.032

Boettcher, J., Åström, V., Påhlsson, D., Schenström, O., Andersson, G., & Carlbring, P. (2014). Internet-Based Mindfulness Treatment for Anxiety Disorders: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Behavior Therapy, 45(2), 241–253. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/1.1016/j.beth.2013.11.003

Bowen, S., Witkiewitz, K., Dillworth, T. M., Chawla, N., Simpson, T. L., Ostafin, B. D., Larimer, M. E., Blume, A. W., Parks, G. A., & Marlatt, G. A. (2006). Mindfulness meditation and substance use in an incarcerated population. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 20(3), 343–347. https://doi.org/1.1037/0893-164X.2.3.343

Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The Benefits of Being Present: Mindfulness and Its Role in Psychological Well-Being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(4), 822–848. https://doi.org/1.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822

Carlson, L. E., & Brown, K. W. (2005). Validation of the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale in a cancer population. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 58(1), 29–33. https://doi.org/1.1016/j.jpsychores.2004.04.366

Carmody, J., & Baer, R. A. (2008). Relationships between mindfulness practice and levels of mindfulness, medical and psychological symptoms and well-being in a mindfulness-based stress reduction program. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 31(1), 23–33. https://doi.org/1.1007/s10865-007-9130-7

Charles, L. S. (2010). Locus of Control : Examining Relationships between Four Distinct but theoretically Related Concepts. Google Scholar

Disabato G. F., Kashdan, T., Short, J., & Jarden, A, D. (2016). Different Types of Well-Being? A Cross-Cultural Examination of Hedonic and Eudaimonic Well-Being. Psychological Assessment, 27(5), 1–1. Psychological Assessment, 27(5), 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/1.1037/pas0000209  

Falkenström, F. (2010). Studying mindfulness in experienced meditators: A quasi-experimental approach. Personality and Individual Differences, 48(3), 305–31. https://doi.org/1.1016/j.paid.2009.1.022

Feltman, R., Robinson, M. D., & Ode, S. (2009). Mindfulness as a moderator of neuroticism-outcome relations: A self-regulation perspective. Journal of Research in Personality, 43(6), 953–961. https://doi.org/1.1016/j.jrp.2009.08.009

Fisak, B., & von Lehe, A. C. (2012). The Relation Between the Five Facets of Mindfulness and Worry in a Non-clinical Sample. Mindfulness, 3(1), 15–21. https://doi.org/1.1007/s12671-011-0075-0

Fisher, C. D. (2014). Conceptualizing and Measuring Well-being at Work. Well-being, III, 1–25. https://doi.org/1.1002/9781118539415.wbwell018

Giluk, T. L. (2009). Mindfulness, Big Five personality, and affect: A meta-analysis. Personality and Individual Differences, 47(8), 805–811. https://doi.org/1.1016/j.paid.2009.06.026

Goodall, K., Trejnowska, A., & Darling, S. (2012). The relationship between dispositional mindfulness, attachment security and emotion regulation. Personality and Individual Differences, 52(5), 622–626. https://doi.org/1.1016/j.paid.2011.12.008

Greason, P. B., & Cashwell, C. S. (2009). Counselor preparation mindfulness and counseling self-efficacy: The mediating role of attention and empathy. Counselor Education and Supervision, 49(1), 2–19. https://doi.org/1.1002/j.1556-6978.2009.tb00083.x

Grossman, P., Niemann, L., Schmidt, S., & Walach, H. (2004). Mindfulness-based stress reduction and health benefits: A meta-analysis. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 57(1), 35–43. https://doi.org/1.1016/S0022-3999(03)00573-7

Hanley, A. W. (2016). The mindful personality: Associations between dispositional mindfulness and the Five Factor Model of personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 91, 154–158. https://doi.org/1.1016/j.paid.2015.11.054

Huta, V., & Ryan, R. M. (2010). Pursuing Pleasure or Virtue: The Differential and Overlapping Well-Being Benefits of Hedonic and Eudaimonic Motives. Journal of Happiness Studies, 11(6), 735–762. https://doi.org/1.1007/s10902-009-9171-4

Judge, T. A., Locke, E. A., & Durham, C. C. (1997). The dispositional causes of job satisfaction: A core evaluations approach. In Research in organizational behavior (Vol. 19, pp. 151–188). http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/10016985929/en

Judge, T. A., Locke, E. A., Durham, C. C., & Kluger, A. N. (1998). Dispositional effects on job and life satisfaction: The role of core evaluations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83(1), 17–34. https://doi.org/1.1037//0021-901.83.1.17

Judge, T. A., Thoresen, C. J., Pucik, V., & Welbourne, T. M. (1999). Managerial coping with organizational change: A dispositional perspective. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84(1), 107–122. https://doi.org/1.1037/0021-901.84.1.107

Judge, T. A., Erez, A., Bono, J. E., & Thoresen, C. J. (2003). The core self‐evaluations scale: Development of a measure. Personnel psychology56(2), 303-331. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2003.tb00152.x

Kabat-Zinn, J. (1990). Full catastrophe living: using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain, and illness. New York: Bantam Dell. Google Scholar

Kabat-Zinn, J. (1982). An outpatient program in behavioral medicine for chronic pain patients based on the practice of mindfulness meditation: Theoretical considerations and preliminary results. General Hospital Psychiatry, 4(1), 33–47. https://doi.org/1.1016/0163-8343(82)90026-3

Kashdan, T. B., Biswas-Diener, R., & King, L. A. (2008). Reconsidering happiness: The costs of distinguishing between hedonics and eudaimonia. Journal of Positive Psychology, 3(4), 219–233. https://doi.org/1.1080/17439760802303044

Keng, S. L., Smoski, M. J., & Robins, C. J. (2011). Effects of mindfulness on psychological health: A review of empirical studies. Clinical Psychology Review, 31(6), 1041–1056. https://doi.org/1.1016/j.cpr.2011.04.006

Khoury, B., Lecomte, T., Fortin, G., Masse, M., Therien, P., Bouchard, V., Chapleau, M. A., Paquin, K., & Hofmann, S. G. (2013). Mindfulness-based therapy: A comprehensive meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 33(6), 763–771. https://doi.org/1.1016/j.cpr.2013.05.005

Kingery, J. N., Bodenlos, J. S., & Lathrop, J. A. (2020). Facets of dispositional mindfulness versus sources of social support predicting college students’ psychological adjustment. Journal of American College Health, 68(4), 403–41. https://doi.org/1.1080/07448481.2019.1574801

Kong, F., Wang, X., & Zhao, J. (2014). Dispositional mindfulness and life satisfaction: The role of core self-evaluations. Personality and Individual Differences, 56(1), 165–169. https://doi.org/1.1016/j.paid.2013.09.002

Kord, B., & Mehdi pour, H. (2018). The relationship between mindfulness and perceived self-efficacy with subjective well-being among cancer patients in Tabriz hospitals. Iranian Journal of Nursing Research, 13(1), 11–17. https://doi.org/1.21859/ijnr-13012

Lambert, L., Passmore, H. A., & Holder, M. D. (2015). Foundational Frameworks of Positive Psychology: Mapping Well-Being Orientations. Canadian Psychology, 56(3), 311–321. https://doi.org/1.1037/cap0000033

Lavender, J. M., Gratz, K. L., & Tull, M. T. (2011). Exploring the relationship between facets of mindfulness and eating pathology in women. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 40(3), 174–182. https://doi.org/1.1080/16506073.2011.555485

Linehan, M. M. (1993). Dialectical behavior therapy for treatment of borderline personality disorder: Implications for the treatment of substance abuse. NIDA Research Monograph Series, 137, 201–216. Google Scholar

Liu, W., Li, Z., Ling, Y., & Cai, T. (2016). Core self-evaluations and coping styles as mediators between social support and well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 88, 35–39. https://doi.org/1.1016/j.paid.2015.08.044

Lopez, S. J., & Snyder, C. R. (2012). The Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology, (2 Ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology, (2 Ed.), 1–742. https://doi.org/1.1093/oxfordhb/9780195187243.001.0001

Luberto, C. M., Cotton, S., McLeish, A. C., Mingione, C. J., & O’Bryan, E. M. (2014). Mindfulness Skills and Emotion Regulation: The Mediating Role of Coping Self-Efficacy. Mindfulness, 5(4), 373–38. https://doi.org/1.1007/s12671-012-0190-6

Michalak, J., Teismann, T., Heidenreich, T., Ströhle, G., & Vocks, S. (2011). Buffering low self-esteem: The effect of mindful acceptance on the relationship between self-esteem and depression. Personality and Individual Differences, 50(5), 751–754. https://doi.org/1.1016/j.paid.201.11.029

Ni, C., & Wang, Y. (2015). The Impact of Perceived Organizational Support and Core Self-Evaluation on Employee’s Psychological Well-Being. Journal of Human Resource and Sustainability Studies, 03(02), 73–81. https://doi.org/1.4236/jhrss.2015.32011

Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Larson, J., & Grayson, C. (1999). Explaining the gender difference in depressive symptoms. Journal of personality and social psychology77(5), 1061. https://doi.org/1.1037//0022-3514.77.5.1061

Oman, D., Hedberg, J., Downs, D., & Parsons, D. (2003). A Transcultural Spiritually Based Program to Enhance Caregiving Self-Efficacy: A Pilot Study. Complementary Health Practice Review, 8(3), 201–224. https://doi.org/1.1177/1076167503250796

Özer, E., Hamarta, E., & Deniz, M. E. (2016). Emotional Intelligence, Core-Self Evaluation, and Life Satisfaction. Psychology, 07(02), 145–153. https://doi.org/1.4236/psych.2016.72017

Park, H. J., & Dhandra, T. K. (2017). The Effect of Trait Emotional Intelligenceon the Relationship Between Dispositional Mindfulness and Self-esteem. Mindfulness, 8(5), 1206–1211. https://doi.org/1.1007/s12671-017-0693-2

Parto, M., & Besharat, M. A. (2011). Mindfulness, Psychological Well-Being and Psychological Distress in Adolescents: Assessing The Mediating Variables And Mechanisms of Autonomy and Self-Regulation. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 30, 578–582. https://doi.org/1.1016/j.sbspro.2011.1.112

Pepping, C. A., O’Donovan, A., & Davis, P. J. (2013). The positive effects of mindfulness on self-esteem. Journal of Positive Psychology, 8(5), 376–386. https://doi.org/1.1080/1743976.2013.807353

Piccolo, R. F., Judge, T. A., Takahashi, K., Watanabe, N., & Locke, E. A. (2005). Core self-evaluations in Japan: Relative effects on job satisfaction, life satisfaction, and happiness. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26(8), 965–984. https://doi.org/1.1002/job.358

Randal, C., Pratt, D., & Bucci, S. (2015). Mindfulness and Self-esteem: A Systematic Review. Mindfulness, 6(6), 1366–1378. https://doi.org/1.1007/s12671-015-0407-6

Roberts-Wolfe, D., Sacchet, M., Hastings, E., Roth, H., & Britton, W. (2012). Mindfulness Training Alters Emotional Memory Recall Compared to Active Controls: Support for an Emotional Information Processing Model of Mindfulness. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 6, 1–13. https://doi.org/1.3389/fnhum.2012.00015

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68. https://doi.org/1.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68

Ryan, Richard M., & Deci, E. L. (2001). On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 141–166. https://doi.org/1.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.141

Ryff, C. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 1069–1081. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.1069

Schutte, N. S., & Malouff, J. M. (2011). Emotional intelligence mediates the relationship between mindfulness and subjective well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 50(7), 1116–1119. https://doi.org/1.1016/j.paid.2011.01.037

Shapiro, S. L., Carlson, L. E., Astin, J. A., & Freedman, B. (2006). Mechanisms of Mindfulness. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62(3), 373–386. https://doi.org/1.1002/jclp.20237

Short, M. M., Mazmanian, D., Oinonen, K., & Mushquash, C. J. (2016). Executive function and self-regulation mediate dispositional mindfulness and well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 93, 97–103. https://doi.org/1.1016/j.paid.2015.08.007

Simon, C. R., & Durand-Bush, N. (2015). Does self-regulation capacity predict psychological well-being in physicians? Psychology, Health and Medicine, 20(3), 311–321. https://doi.org/1.1080/13548506.2014.936887

Slonim, J., Kienhuis, M., Di Benedetto, M., & Reece, J. (2015). The relationships among self-care, dispositional mindfulness, and psychological distress in medical students. Medical Education Online, 20(1). https://doi.org/1.3402/meo.v2.27924

Smedema, S. M. (2014). Core self-evaluations and well-being in persons with disabilities. Rehabilitation Psychology, 59(4), 407–414. https://doi.org/1.1037/rep0000013

Song, G., Kong, F., & Jin, W. (2012). Mediating Effects of Core Self-Evaluations on The Relationship Between Social Support and Life Satisfaction. Social Indicators Research, 114(3), 1161–1169. https://doi.org/1.1007/s11205-012-0195-5

Stein, D., & Grant, A. M. (2014). Disentangling the relationships among self-reflection, insight, and subjective well-being: The role of dysfunctional attitudes and core self-evaluations. Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied, 148(5), 505–522. https://doi.org/1.1080/0022398.2013.810128

Stewart-Brown, S., Tennant, A., Tennant, R., Platt, S., Parkinson, J., & Weich, S. (2009). Internal construct validity of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (WEMWBS): A Rasch analysis using data from the Scottish Health Education Population Survey. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 7, 1–8. https://doi.org/1.1186/1477-7525-7-15

Sulphey, M. M. (2016). Is Mindfulness a Predictor of Locus of Control. Journal of Applied Management and Investments, 5(2), 121–13. Google Scholar

Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S., & Ullman, J. B. (2007). Multivariate Statistics (Vol. 5). Pearson. https://doi.org/1.4324/9780429500749-17

Tamres, L. K., Janicki, D., & Helgeson, V. S. (2002). Sex Differences in Coping Behavior: A Meta-Analytic Review and an Examination of Relative Coping. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 6(1), 2–3. https://doi.org/1.1207/S15327957PSPR0601_1

Tan, J., Yang, W. U., Ma, H., & Yu, Y. (2016). Adolescents’ core self-evaluations as mediators of the effect of mindfulness on life satisfaction. Social Behavior and Personality, 44(7), 1115–1122. https://doi.org/1.2224/sbp.2016.44.7.1115

Tsaousis, I., Nikolaou, I., Serdaris, N., & Judge, T. A. (2007). Do the core self-evaluations moderate the relationship between subjective well-being and physical and psychological health? Personality and Individual Differences, 42(8), 1441–1452. https://doi.org/1.1016/j.paid.2006.1.025

Waszczuk, M. A., Zavos, H. M. S., Antonova, E., Haworth, C. M., Plomin, R., & Eley, T. C. (2015). A Multivariate twin study of trait mindfulness, depressive symptoms, and anxiety sensitivity. Depression and Anxiety, 32(4), 254–261. https://doi.org/1.1002/da.22326

Wenzel, M., von Versen, C., Hirschmüller, S., & Kubiak, T. (2015). Curb your neuroticism - Mindfulness mediates the link between neuroticism and subjective well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 80, 68–75. https://doi.org/1.1016/j.paid.2015.02.020

Wheeler, M. S., Arnkoff, D. B., & Glass, C. R. (2017). The Neuroscience of Mindfulness: How Mindfulness Alters the Brain and Facilitates Emotion Regulation. Mindfulness, 8(6), 1471–1487. https://doi.org/1.1007/s12671-017-0742-x

Williams, J. M. G. (2008). Mindfulness, Depression and Modes of Mind. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 32(6), 721. https://doi.org/1.1007/s10608-008-9204-z

Yan, X., Su, J., Zhu, X., & He, D. (2013). Loneliness and Subjective Happiness as Mediators of the Effects of Core Self-evaluations on Life Satisfaction Among Chinese College Students. Social Indicators Research, 114(2), 757–766. https://doi.org/1.1007/s11205-012-0172-z

Zhou, Y., & Xu, W. (2019). Short report: the mediator effect of meaning in life in the relationship between self-acceptance and psychological well-being among gastrointestinal cancer patients. Psychology, Health and Medicine, 24(6), 725–731. https://doi.org/1.1080/13548506.2018.1554252

Downloads

Published

2022-04-15

How to Cite

Saleem, M., Rizvi, T., & Bashir, I. (2022). Muslim Students’ Dispositional Mindfulness and Mental Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Core Self-Evaluation. Islamic Guidance and Counseling Journal, 5(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.25217/igcj.v5i1.2175