Effect of Mindfulness Dhikr Breathing Therapy for Insomniacs on Quality of Life: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Setiyo Purwanto; Mahadir Ahmad; Zaini Said; Nisa Rachmah Nur Anganthi; Siti Zulaekah

doi:10.25217/0020236368800

Authors

Setiyo Purwanto Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2932-2786
Mahadir Ahmad Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1550-5688
Zaini Said Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1362-0981
Nisa Rachmah Nur Anganthi Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1442-6577
Siti Zulaekah Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3054-4984

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25217/0020236368800

Keywords:

insomnia, intervention, mindfulness, quality of life

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the impact of mindfulness dhikr breathing therapy on the quality of life among individuals suffering from insomnia. This study involved forty-seven participants who were randomly allocated into three groups: mindfulness dhikr breathing (MDB), progressive muscle relaxation (PMR), and a Control group that did not receive any treatment. The participants were adults aged between 20 and 35 years, with 78.72% female and 21.28% male. Among the participants, 91.49% were students, while 8.51% were employees. The treatment period spanned 28 days, with four sessions conducted every Saturday. The primary outcome measure was the assessment of the quality of life, which was evaluated using a valid and reliable World Health Organization-Quality of Life (WHOQOL) BREF questionnaire. Statistical analysis involved the utilization of various tests, including paired t-tests, Wilcoxon tests, independent t-tests, Mann-Whitney tests, and one-way ANOVA tests. Significant differences were observed in the effects of the three intervention groups on overall QoL (p=.035), general health (p=.008), physical well-being (p=.006), psychological well-being (p=.000), and environmental factors (p=.007), except for the social relationship domain (p=.269). However, no significant differences were found in the effects of MDB and PMR treatments on overall QoL (p=.922), general health (p=.756), physical well-being (p=.497), psychological well-being (p=.883), social relationships (p=.569), and environmental factors (p=.618). In conclusion, mindfulness dhikr breathing therapy has demonstrated its effectiveness in enhancing the quality of life for individuals with insomnia. It holds the potential to serve as a suitable alternative to commonly used insomnia therapies, such as progressive muscle relaxation.

References

Aftina, F. V. F., Poeranto, S., & Utami, Y. W. (2021). The Effectiveness of Psychoreligius Therapy on Sleep Quality and Anxiety in Diabetes Mellitus Patientstype 2. International Journal of Science and Society, 3(1), 99–107. https://doi.org/10.54783/ijsoc.v3i1.274

Alimoradi, Z., Jafari, E., Broström, A., Ohayon, M. M., Lin, C. Y., Griffiths, M. D., Blom, K., Jernelöv, S., Kaldo, V., & Pakpour, A. H. (2022). Effects of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) on quality of life: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101646

Anggun, M., Kusumawinakhyu, T., Finurina Mustikawati, I., & Wiharto, W. (2021). The Effect of Dhikr on Anxiety and Depression Level in Hemodialysis Patients At Purwokerto Islamic Hospital. International Journal of Islamic Medicine, 2(1), 15–25. https://doi.org/10.37275/ijim.v2i1.17

Askari, M., Mohammadi, H., Radmehr, H., & Jahangir, A. H. (2018). The effect of spiritual–religious psychotherapy on enhancing quality of life and reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression among the elderly. Journal of Research on Religion & Health, 4(2), 29–41. Google Scholar

Atiyaningsih, N., & Wulandari, I. (2017). Dhikr Therapy to Improving Sleep Quality for Post Surgery Patient at Banten Indonesia. ASEAN/Asian Academic Society International Conference Proceeding Series. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/267559092.pdf

Bangun, B. C. K., Gondodiputro, S., & Andayani, S. (2020). Insomnia and Quality of Life in The Elderly: WHOQOL-BREF and WHOQOL-OLD Indonesian Version. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 16(2), 249–255. https://doi.org/10.15294/kemas.v16i2.22895

Bollu, P. C., & Kaur, H. (2019). Sleep Medicine: Insomnia and Sleep. Missouri Medicine, 116(1), 68–75. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30862990

Burgstahler, M. S., & Stenson, M. C. (2020). Effects of guided mindfulness meditation on anxiety and stress in a pre-healthcare college student population: a pilot study. Journal of American College Health, 68(6), 666–672. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2019.1590371

Carmody, J., Reed, G., Kristeller, J., & Merriam, P. (2008). Mindfulness, spirituality, and health-related symptoms. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 64(4), 393–403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2007.06.015

Chang, Y. Y., Wang, L. Y., Liu, C. Y., Chien, T. J., Chen, I. J., & Hsu, C. H. (2018). The Effects of a Mindfulness Meditation Program on Quality of Life in Cancer Outpatients: An Exploratory Study. Integrative Cancer Therapies, 17(2), 363–370. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534735417693359

Chasanah, N., & Supratman, S. (2018). Hubungan Kualitas Tidur Dengan Kualitas Hidup Pada Lansia Di Surakarta. Jurnal Berita Ilmu Keperawatan, 11(1), 10–18. https://doi.org/10.23917/bik.v11i1.10586

Costa, D. S. J., Mercieca-Bebber, R., Rutherford, C., Tait, M. A., & King, M. T. (2021). How is quality of life defined and assessed in published research? Quality of Life Research, 30(8), 2109–2121. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-021-02826-0

Dashti, N., Hajloo, N., Sadeghi, G., Narimani, M., & Sharifinia, M. H. (2018). Comparison of Quality of Life , Depression , Anxiety , Stress , and Mindfulness of Cardiac Patients with Much and Few Remembrance of God. Islamic Life Style Centered on Health, 2(3), 123–129. http://islamiclifej.com/article-1-195-en.html

Deng, X., Liu, X., & Fang, R. (2020). Evaluation of the correlation between job stress and sleep quality in community nurses. Medicine (United States), 99(4), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000018822

Dirksen, S. R., & Epstein, D. R. (2008). Efficacy of an insomnia intervention on fatigue, mood and quality of life in breast cancer survivors. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 61(6), 664–675. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04560.x

Fandiani, Y. M., Wantiyah, & Juliningrum, P. P. (2017). Pengaruh Terapi Dzikir Terhadap Kualitas Tidur Mahasiswa Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan Universitas Jember. NurseLine Journal, 2(1), 52–60. https://jurnal.unej.ac.id/index.php/NLJ/article/download/5196/3923/

Fauzin, A., Rosidin, Fauzi, M. R., Syamsuddin, Andriyanto, Puspitasari, A., & Raykhamna, D. amry. (2022). Buku Statistik Kemenag 2021. Biro Hubungan Masyarakat, Data dan Informasi Kesemnterian Agama RI. https://www.kemenag.go.id

Fitriani, A., Arief, F., & Shahib, N. (2021). Scoping Review : Pengaruh Terapi Dzikir Terhadap Tingkat Insomnia pada Lansia. Spesia: Seminar Penelitian Sivitas Akademika Unisba, 7(1), 367–374. https://doi.org/10.29313/kedokteran.v7i1.26635

Green, A. A., & Kinchen, E. V. (2021). The Effects of Mindfulness Meditation on Stress and Burnout in Nurses. Journal of Holistic Nursing, 39(4), 356–368. https://doi.org/10.1177/08980101211015818

Herawati, I., Mat Ludin, A. F., Mutalazimah, M., Ishak, I., & Farah, N. M. F. (2023). Breathing exercise for hypertensive patients: A scoping review. Frontiers in Physiology, 14(1048338), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2023.1048338

Ishak, W. W., Bagot, K., Thomas, S., Magakian, N., Bedwani, D., Larson, D., Brownstein, A., & Zaky, C. (2012). Quality of Life in Patients Suffering from Insomnia. Innov Clin Neurosci, 9(10), 13–26. https://doi.org/10.5772/52277

Kadafi, A., Alfaiz, A., Ramli, M., Asri, D. N., & Finayanti, J. (2021). The impact of islamic counseling intervention towards students’ mindfulness and anxiety during the covid-19 pandemic. Islamic Guidance and Counseling Journal, 4(1), 55–66. https://doi.org/10.25217/igcj.v4i1.1018

Kusuma, A. N., Rahmawati, D., Lusiani, M., & Dede, R. (2020). The effect of Dhikr therapy on anxiety levels in chronic kidney failure patients that have done hemodialysis therapy in Indonesia. Enfermeria Clinica, 30, 175–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.11.048

Levenson, J. C., Kay, D. B., & Buysse, D. J. (2015). The pathophysiology of insomnia. Chest, 147(4), 1179–1192. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.14-1617

Lim, Y. C., Hoe, V. C. W., Darus, A., & Bhoo-Pathy, N. (2020). Association between night-shift work, sleep quality and health-related quality of life: A cross-sectional study among manufacturing workers in a middle-income setting. BMJ Open, 10(9), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034455

Lin, P. H., Lee, Y. C., Chen, K. L., Hsieh, P. L., Yang, S. Y., & Lin, Y. L. (2019). The relationship between sleep quality and internet addiction among female college students. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 13(JUN), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2019.00599

Lo, C. M. H., & Lee, P. H. (2012). Prevalence and impacts of poor sleep on quality of life and associated factors of good sleepers in a sample of older Chinese adults. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 10, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-10-72

Madrid-Valero, J. J., Martínez-Selva, J. M., Ribeiro do Couto, B., Sánchez-Romera, J. F., & Ordoñana, J. R. (2017). Age and gender effects on the prevalence of poor sleep quality in the adult population. Gaceta Sanitaria, 31(1), 18–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaceta.2016.05.013

Márquez, M. A., Galiana, L., Oliver, A., & Sansó, N. (2021). The impact of a mindfulness-based intervention on the quality of life of Spanish national police officers. Health and Social Care in the Community, 29(5), 1491–1501. https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.13209

Martires, J., & Zeidler, M. (2015). The value of mindfulness meditation in the treatment of insomnia. Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine, 21(6), 547–552. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCP.0000000000000207

Nosrati, F., Ghobari-Bonab, B., Zandi, S., & Qorbani-Vanajemi, M. (2021). Effects of Dhikr ( Repetition of Holy Names ) on Stress : A Systematic Review. 7(3), 157–171. https://doi.org/10.22037/jrrh.v7i3.27320

Ong, J. C., Manber, R., Segal, Z., Xia, Y., Shapiro, S., & Wyatt, J. K. (2014). A Randomized Controlled Trial of Mindfulness Meditation for Chronic Insomnia. Sleep, 37(9), 1553–1563. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0911-6

Ong, J. C., & Smith, christine E. (2017). Using Mindfulness for the Treatment of Insomnia. Curr Sleep Med Rep, 3(2), 57–65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40675-017-0068-1.Using

Parrott, J. (2017). How to be a Mindful Muslim : An Exrecise in Islamic Meditation. Yaqeen Institute for Islamic Research, 1–24. Google Scholar

Patel, D., Steinberg, J., & Patel, P. (2018). Insomnia in the elderly: A Review. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 14(6), 1017–1024. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.7172

Peltzer, K., & Pengpid, S. (2019). Prevalence, social and health correlates of insomnia among persons 15 years and older in Indonesia. Psychology, Health and Medicine, 24(6), 757–768. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2019.1566621

Purba, F. D., Hunfeld, J. A. M., Iskandarsyah, A., Fitriana, T. S., Sadarjoen, S. S., Passchier, J., & Busschbach, J. J. V. (2018). Quality of life of the Indonesian general population: Test-retest reliability and population norms of the EQ-5D-5L and WHOQOL-BREF. PLoS ONE, 13(5), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0197098

Purwanto, S. (2016). Hubungan Antara Intensitas Menjalankan Dzikir Nafas dengan Latensi Tidur. Jurnal Indigenous, 1(1), 32–38. https://doi.org/10.23917/indigenous.v1i1.3713

Purwanto, S., Anganti, N., & Yahman, S. A. (2022). Validity and effectiveness of dhikr breathing relaxation model therapy on insomnia disorders. Indigenous: Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi, 7(2), 119–129. https://doi.org/10.23917/indigenous.v7i2.17241

Reangsing, C., Punsuwun, S., & Schneider, J. K. (2021). Effects of mindfulness interventions on depressive symptoms in adolescents: A meta-analysis. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 115, 103848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103848

Rochdiat, W. M., Herstu, E., & Lestiawati, E. (2013). Dhikr As Nursing Intervention To Reduce Stress in Health Science Students. Indones. Nurs. J. Educ. Clin., 4(1). https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.24990/injec.v4i1.222

Samsualam, & Masriadi. (2022). Dhikr and Prayer Guidance on Peace of Mind and Blood Pressure Control. Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, 16(2), 351–357. https://doi.org/10.37506/ijfmt.v16i2.17988

Sedky, K., Nazir, R., & Bennett, D. (2020). Sleep Medicine and Mental Health: A Guide for Psychiatrists and Other Healthcare Professionals. Springer. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44447-1

Shimodera, S., Watanabe, N., Furukawa, T. A., Katsuki, F., Fujita, H., Sasaki, M., & Perlis, M. L. (2014). Change in quality of life after brief behavioral therapy for insomnia in concurrent depression: Analysis of the effects of a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 10(4), 433–439. https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.3624

Sudiarto, S. (2015). Effect of relaxation with changes anxiety and sleep quality ICU patient in intensive care unit. Jurnal Riset Kesehatan, 4(3), 847–856. http://ejournal.poltekkes-smg.ac.id/ojs/index.php/jrk/article/view/371

Sulistyawati, R., Probosuseno, & Setiyarini, S. (2019). Dhikr Therapy for Reducing Anxiety in Cancer Patients. Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing, 6(4), 411–416. https://doi.org/10.4103/apjon.apjon_33_19

Taylor, D., Gehrman, P., Dautovich, N., Lichstein, K., & Mccrae, C. (2014). Handbook of Insomnia. Springer Healthcare. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-907673-73-3

Wahyuni, W., Nordin, N. A. M., & Mutalazimah, M. (2022). The Effectiveness of Therapeutic Exercise in Improving Pain and Quality of Life Young Women with Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Systematic Review. Proceedings of the International Conference on Health and Well-Being (ICHWB 2021), 49(Ichwb 2021), 208–217. https://doi.org/10.2991/ahsr.k.220403.029

Watson, E. J., Coates, A. M., Kohler, M., & Banks, S. (2016). Caffeine consumption and sleep quality in Australian adults. Nutrients, 8(8), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8080479

WHOQOL Group. (1996). WHOQOL-BREF Introduction, Administration, Scoring and Generic Version of The Assessment Field Trial Version December 1996 Programme on Mental Health World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHOQOL-BREF

Winbush, N. Y., Gross, C. R., & Kreitzer, M. J. (2007). The Effects of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on Sleep Disturbance: A Systematic Review. Explore: The Journal of Science and Healing, 3(6), 585–591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.explore.2007.08.003