Academic Procrastination and Its Relationship to Psychological and Social Adjustment among University Students
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25217/0020258548200Keywords:
academic procrastination, psychological and social adjustments, university studentsAbstract
This study sought to identify the levels of academic procrastination and psychological and social adjustment among Hashemite University students and to reveal whether there are any differences in the psychological and social adjustment attributable to the variables of gender, college, and academic level. Moreover, the study examined the correlation between academic procrastination and psychological and social adjustment. The study recruited (350) students from Hashemite University. The Academic Procrastination and the Psychological and Social Adjustment scales were utilised to achieve the objectives. The findings showed that (65.1%) of the students had a medium level of academic procrastination, and (4.6%) of the students had substantial levels and a moderate level of psychological and social adjustment. The results demonstrated that the gender variable contributed to statistically significant differences in the degree of psychological and social adjustment. Finally, academic procrastination and psychological and social adjustments were found to be negatively and statistically significantly correlated. The study recommends providing support to university students, by helping them identify the challenges they face, find solutions for them, and overcome them with the aim of achieving their ambitions, in a way that enhances their psychological and social adjustment.
References
Abood, M., Gazo, A., ALharbi, B., & Mhaidat, F. (2019). The relationship between academic procrastination among university students and personality traits according to the Big Five personality factors' model. Educational Sciences, 1(46), 784–793. https://doi.org/10.35516/0102-046-986-041
Abuajamia, A., & Arabiat, R. (2022). Psychological resilience and its relationship with psychological and social adaptation among secondary stage students during the Corona pandemic. Amman Arab University Journal for Research - Educational and Psychological Sciences Series, 7(3), 171–197.
Abu-Zreik, M., & Jaradat, A. (2013). Effects of the modification of negative self-statements on reducing academic procrastination and improving academic self-efficacy. Jordanian Journal of Educational Sciences, 9(1), 15–27.
Agbaria, Q. (2020). Predictors of personal and social adjustment among Israeli-Palestinian teenagers. Child Indicators Research, 13, 917–933. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-019-09661-3
Al-Adamat, O., & Bani Khaled, I. (2023). The predictive ability of self-handicapping on academic procrastination among Al-Al Bayt University students. Journal of Al-Quds Open University for Educational and Psychological Research and Studies, 14(43), 223–237.
Alanani, H. (1998). Child mental health. Amman: Dar Al-Fikr.
Alanani, H. (2000). Psychological health. Amman: Dar Al-Fikr.
AlQudah, M. F., Alsubhien, A. M., & Heilat, M. Q. (2014). The relationship between academic procrastination and self-efficacy among a sample of King Saud University students. Journal of Education and Practice, 5(16), 101–111.
Audinia, S., Maulina, D., Novrianto, R., Sudewaji, B. A., & Lotusiana, I. A. (2023). The Development of Cyberbullying in Social Media Scale. JP3I (Jurnal Pengukuran Psikologi dan Pendidikan Indonesia), 12(1), 80-92. https://doi.org/10.15408/jp3i.v12i1.24142
Casper, D. M., & Card, N. A. (2017). Overt and relational victimization: A meta‐analytic review of their overlap and associations with social-psychological adjustment. Child Development, 88(2), 466–483. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12621
Frehat, K., & Al-Taj, H. (2024). Emotional intelligence and its relationship to psychological and social adaptation among outstanding refugee students in Jordan. Amman Arab University Journal of Research - Educational and Psychological Research Series, 9(1), 323–345.
Hadi, N. (2021). Academic procrastination and its relationship to academic adjustment among university students. International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 19, 99–115.
Hammouda, A., & Diwa, M. (2023). Psychological and social adjustment and its relationship to achievement motivation (A field study on secondary school students in Gaza, 2023 AD). African Journal of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, 2(2), 211–234.
Kozlova, A., Nych, T., Drobot, O., Liashenko, R., & Cheban, O. (2024). The influence of society and social groups on the development of personality. Multidisciplinary Reviews, 7, 2024spe035. https://doi.org/10.31893/multirev.2024spe035
Khasawneh, A., Hayajneh, W., Al Badarneh, M., Al Azzam, A., & Bani Yassien, B. (2023). The level of personal and social adjustment and its relationship with academic achievement motivation among elementary school students. College of Education Journal, 199(4), 252–277.
Mahasneh, A., Bataineh, O., & Al-Zoubi, Z. (2018). The relationship between academic procrastination and parenting styles among Jordanian undergraduate university students. The Open Psychology Journal, 9(1), 25–34. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874350101609010025
Martínez, V. G., & Payró, M. P. S. (2019). Academic procrastination among students of online courses: Validation of a questionnaire. Magazine of Educational Innovation, 11(2), 122–137. https://doi.org/10.32870/Ap.v11n2.1673
Meliani, A. (2017). Level of psychosocial adjustment of university students: University residencies at Msila. Journal of Social and Mathematical Science Research, 2(2), 59–71.
Mousa, M., & Suleiman, N. (2010). The concept of the social self and its relation to the psychological and social adjustment of the blind: A field study at the Society for the Care of the Blind in Damascus. Damascus University Journal, 26(Supplement), 409–451.
Nabuzoka, D., Ronning, J., & Handegard, B. (2009). Exposure to bullying, reactions, and psychological adjustment of secondary school students. Educational Psychology, 29(7), 849–866. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410903326613
Onwuegbuzie, A. J. (2004). Academic procrastination and statistics anxiety. Assessment Evaluation in Higher Education, 29(1), 3–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/0260293042000160384
Ozer, B. U., & Ferrari, J. R. (2011). Gender orientation and academic procrastination: Exploring Turkish high school students. Individual Differences Research, 9(1), 33–40.
Pathak, P., & Joshi, S. (2017). Psychological mindedness and procrastination among university students. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 4(2), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.25215/0402.021
Rababaa, M., & Al-Shamali, S. (2018). The level of job satisfaction and the ability to psychosocial adjustment for workers with special needs in Irbid governorate in view of some variables. An-Najah Research Journal - Human Sciences, 32(5), 825–854. https://doi.org/10.35552/0247-032-005-001
Radwan, S. (2007). Mental health. Amman: Dar Al Masirah for Publishing and Distribution.
Senecal, C., Koestner, R., & Vallerand, R. J. (1995). Self-regulation and academic procrastination. The Journal of Social Psychology, 135, 607–619. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.1995.9712234
Srivastava, S., & Kumar, C. (2024). Adjustment, academic procrastination, and internet addiction among school students: A correlation study. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 12(2), 2349–2429.
Sirois, F., & Pychyl, T. (2013). Procrastination and the priority of short‐term mood regulation: Consequences for future self. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 7(2), 115–127. https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12011
Steel, P. (2007). The nature of procrastination: A meta-analytic and theoretical review of quintessential self-regulatory failure. Psychological Bulletin, 133(1), 65–94. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.65
Tarasova, S. I., Dukhina, T. N., Limonova, O. O., Kolesnikova, T. V., & Makhova, I. N. (2017). Socio-psychological adaptation of first-year university students. Revista Espacios, 38(56), 1–5.
Taylor, S. E., & Stanton, A. L. (2007). Coping resources, coping processes, and mental health. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 3(1), 377–401. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.3.022806.091520
Wilson, B. (2012). Belonging to tomorrow: An overview of procrastination. International Journal of Psychological Studies, 4(1), 211–217. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijps.v4n1p211
Zoghibi, M. (2020). Academic procrastination among university college students in Haqel and its relationship to some variables. Arab Journal of Literature and Human Studies, 4(14), 161–196.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohammad Abood, Omar Al-Adamat

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.