PEB-COVID-19: Analysis of Students Behavior and ILMIZI Model in Environmental Learning

ARTICLE INFO Article history: Received April 30, 2020 Revised May 7, 2020 Accepted May 16, 2020 ABSTRACT Environmental learning during COVID-19 experienced a change to elearning. The use of learning models must be compatible; one model that can be chosen was the ILMIZI model. In addition to learning the concept of COVID-19, students must also be able to implement it in the form of Pro-Environmental Behavior (PEB) COVID-19. The purpose of this study was to analyze descriptively about PEB-COVID-19 and also analyze the potential of ILMIZI to be applied in e-learning. The research conducted using a descriptive method. The sample was 148 Junior High School students located in Bekasi City and Bandung city. The data was collected online using Google form. The results showed that the PEB-COVID-19 student score was already in the very high category. While the results of the analysis show that the ILMIZI model allows it to be used in elearning. This study concluded that the score of PEB-COVID-19 students was still in the very low category and the use of the ILMIZI model was one form of learning innovation.


INTRODUCTION
Environmental problems that arise when the pandemic Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) requires a problem solution. COVID-19 is a global problem that affects many countries in the world (Tian et al., 2020;Zhou et al., 2020). The rapid spreading rate of COVID-19 has affected every sector of human life including education to students across the world (Sintema, 2020). The problems that arise are related to the lack of education to students about preventing the spread of COVID-19 in the environment. Pro-Environmental Behavior (PEB) is an important thing to prevent environmental damage (Bronfman et al., 2015;Nadlifatin et al., 2016). That is because PEB is an implementation of the knowledge, in this case, PEB in students. Environmental learning in the 21st century when COVID-19 made a change in the learning system to be based on electronic learning (e-learning). That makes learning about the environment can change. It also requires adaptation to learning models that can be adaptive to elearning systems.
E-learning is a learning system using online learning media (Al-araibi et al., 2019;Alhawiti & Abdelhamid, 2017;Mbipom et al., 2018;Mhouti et al., 2018;Teo et al., 2018). That resulted in the learning model used also had to adjust. The use of conventional learning models will indeed be more easily applied to e-learning, but that was not so effective to improve students' competency. However, many teachers did not apply the right learning model, especially in environmental learning during the COVID-19 outbreak. Applying the right learning model will make e-learning have a positive impact on students learning. One model that has the potential to be used in e-learning during COVID-19 is the ILMIZI learning model. Previous research has been conducted related to the ILMIZI learning model. In general, ILMIZI is a learning model for learning science and technology. The syntax of ILMIZI consists of 6 stages start from Identify problem, Limitation problem, Make mind map, Interpret result, Analyze result, Interaction, and evaluate (Ichsan, 2019). These six syntaxes have the potential to be used in environmental learning of the 21st century and are compatible with e-learning systems. Previous research that has been done related to the implementation of ILMIZI showed that for the elementary school level, the ILMIZI model can improve student knowledge .
Knowledge during e-learning must be able to implement in contextual daily life (Kartikaningtyas et al., 2018;Paristiowati et al., 2019;Voight et al., 2014). The present research was essential to do, because the topic of contextual environmental learning was in the context of PEB to prevent COVID-19. PEB specifically focuses on COVID-19, called PEB-COVID-19. Measurement of PEB-COVID-19 becomes important because to make more accurate measurements of environmental behavior in the context of COVID-19, it needs to be measured with a special instrument namely PEB-COVID-19. This research is an urgent thing to do and has a novelty that is related to the description of PEB-COVID-19 students, in this case, the junior high school level. That's because students at this level will be more susceptible to COVID-19 Pandemic. Based on the description, the purpose of this study was to analyze descriptively about PEB COVID-19 and also analyzed the use of ILMIZI when an e-learning system occurs during an outbreak of COVID-19.

METHODS
This research was conducted in a descriptive method using survey techniques. The study was conducted in March 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. The sample used in this study was Junior High School students from Bekasi City and Bandung City, West Java Province. The number of samples involved in this study was 148 students consisting of 59 male students and 89 female students. The instrument of this study was PEB-COVID-19 whose indicators were adapted from Kaiser & Wilson (2004). There are 3 indicators used to measure PEB-COVID-19 which can be seen in Table 1. Clean the home and environment to prevent COVID-19 1,2,3 2 Avoid visiting places with a dirty environment because of COVID-19 4,5,6 3 Reducing interactions with various objects that have the potential to transmit COVID-19 in the environment 7,8,9,10 The instrument was distributed using Google forms through online media. The validity and reliability test results showed that the PEB COVID-19 instrument was valid and reliable for use in this study. Analysis of the data used is descriptively by analyzing in tabular form. The analysis results are then interpreted according to the PEB COVID-19 category in Table 2 below.  Sigit et al. (2020) Besides doing a descriptive analysis of PEB-COVID-19, this study also analyzed the potential of the ILMIZI model to be used in environmental elearning. That is because the ILMIZI model is a newly developed model consisting of 6 stages namely Identify a problem, Limitation problem, Make mind map, Interpret result, Analyze Result, Interaction, and evaluate (Ichsan, 2019). The ILMIZI model has also been implemented in the class, but it has not yet been done for e-learning systems. This research will be analyzed in the ILMIZI model at environmental e-learning.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION
The results showed that the overall score of PEB-COVID-19 was very high. This indicates that the behavior of students to prevent the spread of COVID-19 is already very high. However, in some instrument items, scores were found to still have the lowest scores. All students and female students showed the lowest score was related to the habit of shaking hands. In contrast to the male students in the aspect of avoiding various metal objects, more details can be seen in Table 3. The results of the study following the indicators showed that the lowest indicator related to reducing interactions with various objects that have the potential to transmit COVID-19 . This showed that there are still many students who have not maintained the sanitation and cleanliness of their hands and various other objects. More details about the score can be seen in Table 4. The next analysis is about using the ILMIZI model in environmental learning during COVID-19 to empower PEB-COVID-19 . The results of the analysis showed that the ILMIZI model is suitable to be used in e-learning. Modifications are made to teacher activity and student activity, while for syntax it cannot be modified because it is permanent . The results of the analysis in the form of teacher and student activity can be seen in Table 5. Limitation problem The teacher asks students to limit existing environmental problems related to COVID-19 Students in groups will limit the problem, and focus on discussing the problem related to community behavior in COVID-19 3 Make mind map The teacher asks students to be able to make a mind map of various environmental activities/behaviors that can be carried out to prevent the spread of COVID-19 Individual students are asked to make a mind map related to various factors that cause community environmental behavior towards COVID-19 4 Interpret result The teacher asks students to interpret the results of the discussion on Whatsapp group related to environmental behavior to prevent COVID-19 Students interpret the environmental problems and discuss in the Whatsapp group, the discussion must occur in both directions 5 Analyze Result The teacher asks students to analyze the results of the discussion Students analyze the results of discussions that have occurred in the Whatsapp group 6 Interaction and evaluate The teacher asks students to upload their mind map work on Whatsapp Group Students upload the results of discussions and mind map works that have been made to Whatsapp group The results showed that in general students were concerned with their environment. It was based on the PEB-COVID-19 score which was categorized as very high. This is certainly a good thing in education. Even so, there are still some items and indicators that need to be improved so that students can be more concerned about their environment. PEB-COVID-19 is very important for students to have and needs to be improved continuously to be able to adapt to the learning context of COVID-19 outbreaks.
The outbreak of COVID-19 made a change in the learning system from conventional learning in class into e-learning (Erduran, 2020;Wang et al., 2020). This will have an impact on changes in student learning patterns. Besides, teachers must prepare various tools related to students' readiness to learn during the COVID-19 outbreak. E-learning can only become effective when it will ensure the interaction among teachers and students. The ILMIZI model can be an option in conducting e-learning. That is because the ILMIZI model makes it possible to implement environmental learning using a variety of social media. One of them uses Whatsapp. Social media is a form of technology implementation in the 21st-century environmental learning (Buzov, 2014;Grosch et al., 2014;Mao, 2014;Reyna et al., 2018;Saltan & Divarci, 2017). The use of ILMIZI in e-learning has not been implemented yet, but based on the results of the analysis of syntax, teacher activity, and student activity (Table 5) it is very possible to do.
The finding was ILMIZI model helped students learn about their environment by solving different problems around them. It can not only enhance students academic learning but also develop students 21 st century skills like problem solving skills. Problem-solving skill is the most important ability demanded by our society which would accelerate students' comprehending knowledge and prepare them to survive future challenges in life (Boholano, 2017;Khoiriyah & Husamah, 2018;Kivunja, 2014;Koh et al., 2015;Rahman, 2019;Rahmayanti et al., 2020;Sadiqin et al., 2017). So, it can be concluded that this learning model can be a great solution for students in surviving pandemic like COVID-19 and keep up their learning efficiently.
The ILMIZI model can be an alternative because it does not require a lot of complicated learning tools. Besides these ILMIZI syntaxes can be done by teachers and students without having to meet in class. ILMIZI model has the potential to be used in e-learning, in this case, to improve PEB-COVID-19. The task of the teacher can be directed so that students can prevent COVID-19 in the form of implementation of PEB-COVID-19. That is because, in addition to general environmental learning, students also need to be given a variety of environmental concepts that specifically address contextual issues namely COVID-19. Submitting contextual material will make it easier for students to implement a variety of knowledge in the form of behavior (Abiolu, 2019;Harahap et al., 2018;Lai & Cheng, 2016;Paristiowati et al., 2019;Suleri & Cavagnaro, 2016).
Learning innovations during COVID-19 are needed to prevent pandemic transmission. Environmental learning has an important role so that students can still maintain their environment to avoid COVID-19. Learning about COVID-19 needs to be improved because it is an interesting current issue for class discussion (Acharya, 2019;Back et al., 2015). That is because the activity of discussing current environmental issues will make students able to think contextually according to the current situation using e-learning. In addition to the use of appropriate learning models, e-learning also requires preparation in terms of facilities so that the environmental learning can still use without obstacles (Chou et al., 2019;Elleithy & Sobh, 2015;Kew et al., 2018;Mhouti et al., 2017).

CONCLUSIONS
Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the PEB-COVID-19 students, in general, are already in the very high category. This indicates that students have tried to prevent COVID-19 in their respective environments. Besides, e-learning was carried out during the COVID-19 pandemic. The ILMIZI model is one of the environmental learning models that can be used during e-learning. This model allows it to be used in e-learning because it does not require much preparation and also enhance the quality of e-learning. Suggestions from this research are to implement ILMIZI in e-learning at various levels of education. Also, various supporting learning tools need to be developed to strengthen the implementation of the ILMIZI model.