Qawm, Ummah, dan Syuʿūb dalam Tafsir al-Qur’an: Basis Teologis Nasionalisme Inklusif di Negara Multikultural

Abstract

This study analyzes how the Qur'an and the Prophet’s Hadith perceive love for one’s homeland (ḥubb al-waṭan) and its implications for Muslim loyalty to the modern nation-state, particularly in the context of Indonesia. The research is motivated by persistent suspicions from certain groups regarding the allegiance of Muslims to the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI). Using a descriptive-analytical method combined with a thematic approach to Qur’anic interpretation (tafsīr mawḍū‘ī), this study draws upon classical and contemporary tafsir literature to examine key terms such as qawm, ummah, and shuʿūb. Although these terms are not directly equivalent to the modern concept of “nation,” they reflect the Islamic view of collective identity and social solidarity. The findings demonstrate that neither the Qur’an nor the Hadith oppose love for one’s homeland; rather, both affirm it as a natural human disposition consistent with Islamic ethical principles. Moreover, the study contends that love for religion and love for country should not be seen as conflicting values, as they operate within different yet complementary spheres. These findings contribute to a broader understanding of the compatibility between Islamic teachings and national identity, challenging misconceptions regarding Muslim disloyalty to the state.