Pendekatan Historis-Kronologis Tafsir Nuzūlī dalam al-Tafsīr wa al-Ḥadīth Karya Muḥammad ‘Izzat Darwazah

Abstract

This study examines the Qur’anic interpretive method based on tartīb al-nuzūl developed by Muḥammad ‘Izzat Darwazah in his work al-Tafsīr al-Ḥadīth. Departing from classical exegetical traditions that adhere to the canonical arrangement of the muṣḥaf, Darwazah structures his interpretation chronologically according to the order of revelation in order to trace the historical development of Qur’anic themes, legal principles, and the prophetic strategies of the Prophet Muḥammad. This research employs a qualitative library-based method with a descriptive-analytical approach, drawing on Darwazah’s tafsir, works on Qur’anic hermeneutics and tafsir methodology, and relevant contemporary studies. The findings demonstrate that the nuzūlī method offers a significant contribution to Qur’anic understanding, particularly in elucidating the gradual nature of Islamic legislation, situating verses within their sociohistorical context, and applying a critical stance toward weak narrations and Isrā’īliyyāt. Moreover, Darwazah rejects the doctrines of abrogation (naskh) and scientific exegesis, while emphasizing the universality of Qur’anic wording in conveying its message. Academically, this study positions Darwazah’s nuzūlī approach as an alternative paradigm within modern tafsir methodology debates, bridging historical consciousness and thematic coherence in Qur’anic interpretation. The study concludes that Darwazah’s approach provides a historical, thematic, and relatively objective framework that remains relevant for the development of contemporary Qur’anic studies.