Criminal Law Enforcement Against Corporate Forest Fires: A Perspective of Positive Law and Fiqh Jināyah
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25217/jm.v10i2.6827Keywords:
Criminal Law, Corporations, Land Clearing, Forest Fires, Islamic JurisprudenceAbstract
The main problem in this research is the weak enforcement of criminal law against corporations involved in land clearing through burning, which results in forest fires that have wide-ranging impacts on the environment and society. Although regulations such as the Environmental Protection and Management Act, the Forestry Act, and Supreme Court Regulation No. 13 of 2016 have stipulated corporate criminal liability, the practice of law enforcement still faces obstacles in terms of evidence, the lack of transparency in corporate command structures, and the minimal application of additional penalties such as license revocation and restoration obligations. This research aims to analyze the mechanisms of criminal law enforcement against corporations and to examine the practice of forest burning from the perspective of fiqh jināyah. Using a normative juridical method and descriptive-analytical analysis based on primary and secondary legal materials, this study evaluates the gap between legal norms and practice and offers a comprehensive approach through positive law and Islamic law. The findings indicate that national law has provided adequate criminal instruments; however, their implementation remains suboptimal. From the perspective of fiqh jināyah, forest burning constitutes a jarīmah ta‘zīr that violates the maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah, particularly the protection of life, property, and the environment, thereby granting the state strong legitimacy to impose firm sanctions oriented toward ecological restoration.
References
Andros, C., & Djajaputelra, G. (2024). Analisis Pelrtanggungjawaban Pidana Korporasi Pada Pelmbakaran Lahan Belrdasarkan Konselp Strict Liability. 6(4), 10133–10140.
Anggusti, Martono, Abdul Aziz Alsa, and Alvi Syahrin. Keltelntuan Pidana Korporasi Telntang Pelrlindungan Dan Pelngellolaan Lingkungan Hidup. Vol. 1, 2019.
Deldi Ismanto, Ivan Najjar Alavi, Fauziah Lubis. “Kelbijakan Hukum Pidana/Pelnal Policy.” Journal of Social Scielncel Relselarch 4 nomor 4 (2024): 16351–61.
Frimansyah, H., Shrishti, S., & Dumais, T. N. (2022). Pelrtanggungjawaban Korporasi Dalam Tindak Pidana Kelbakaran Hutan Di Kalimantan Barat. Selrina Untar, 2(1), 217–228.
Helfriyelnni, R. (2022). Tinjauan Kriminologis Pelmbukaan Lahan Delngan Cara Dibakar Di Wilayah Hukum Pelngadilan Nelgelri Pasir Pelngaraian. http://relpository.uir.ac.id/id/elprint/11947%0Ahttps://relpository.uir.ac.id/11947/1/181010107.pdf
Khairunnisak. (2020). Pelnelrapan Konselp Hukuman Ta’zir Dalam Pelrspelktif Maqashid Syariah ( Studi Kasus Pelnelgakan Hukum Pada Masa Syelikh Abdul Wahab Rokan Di Babussalam ). 3(2), 91–102.
Kornellius Belnuf, M. A. (2020). Meltodologi Pelnellitian Hukum selbagai Instrumeln Melngurai Pelrmasalahan Hukum Kontelmporelr. Jurnal Gelma Keladilan (ISSN: 0852-011), 3(2), 145–160. https://doi.org/10.24246/jrh.2019.v3.i2.p145-160
Listiyani, N., & Nopliardy, R. (2022). Kajian Telrhadap Uu Cipta Kelrja Klustelr Lingkungan Hidup Atas Dihapusnya Prinsip Strict Liability. AL-ULUM : Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Humaniora, 8(2), 42–53. https://doi.org/10.31602/alsh.v8i2.8274
Latifa, R. (2021). Pelrtanggungjawaban Pidana Pellaku Pelmaksaan Hubungan Selksual Telrhadap Anak Dibawah Umur Delngan Modus Melnyelbar Videlo Asusila Korban Di Meldia Sosial Dihubungkan Delngan Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 Telntang Pelrubahan Atas Undang Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008. Skripsi, 15–41.
Mubarak, R., & Syahrin, A. (2023). Pelnelgakan Hukum Telrhadap Pellaku Pelmbakaran Hutan Dan Lahan Dikaitkan Delngan Konselp Hukum Pancasila. Jurnal Ilmiah Pelnelgakan Hukum, 10(1), 42–49. https://doi.org/10.31289/jiph.v10i1.8827
Nurhidayat, S., & Sutiana, A. R. (2020). Pelrtanggungjawaban Pidana Korporasi pada Kasus Pelmbakaran Lahan di Indonelsia Belrdasarkan Konselp Strict Liability. Undang: Jurnal Hukum, 1(1), 43–63. https://doi.org/10.22437/ujh.1.1.43-63
Purnomo, EL., Hayatuddin, K., & Salia, EL. (2021). Pelnelgakan Hukum Pidana Telrhadap Pellaku Pelmbakaran Hutan dan atau Lahan di Wilayah Hukum Kelpolisian Relsor Musi Banyuasin. Jurnal Hukum Doctrinal, 6(2), 17–30. https://jurnal.um-palelmbang.ac.id/doktrinal/articlel/vielw/3894
Putri, R. N., Sukarsa, D., & Imamulhadi, I. (2023). Putusan Pelngadilan Melngelnai Biaya Ganti Rugi Lingkungan: Aplikasinya dalam Pelmulihan Lingkungan. Jurnal Hukum & Pelmbangunan, 53(4). https://doi.org/10.21143/jhp.vol53.no4.1582
Riangdi, M. A., & Muin, A. M. (2023). Kelbijakan Hukum Pidana Selbagai Primum Relmeldium dalam Tindak Pidana Illelgal Fishing Ditinjau dari Konselp Keladilan. Jurnal Hukum, 20(1), hlm 25.
Rismawati, R. “Pelrspelktif Fiqh Jinayah Telrhadap Keljahatan Korporasi Di Bidang Kelhutanan,” 2016. http://relpository.radelnfatah.ac.id/461/1/Rismawati_SyarJinSiy.pdf.
Rahayu, A., Narelk, A., Relnaldus, A., Djuma, J., Sri, G. P., Ambarwati, D., Kurniawan, EL., Ito, G., Yazakur, P. A. R., Selrang, EL., & Tukan, R. (2024). Kausalitas Dan Kelbelrlanjutan Tindak Pidana : Kajian Komparatif Hukum Indonelsia Dan Intelrnasional. 8(7), 12–43.
Samuell Yoshua Sibarani, ELdiwarman, Alvi Syahrin, Marlina. “Pelnelrapan Primum Relmeldiumdalam Tindak Pidana Korupsi Yang Dilakukan Olelh Pimpinan Divisi Trelsuri PT. Bank Sumut(Studi Putusan Nomor 41/PID.SUS-TPK/2020/PN MDN” 2, no. 3 (2024).
Sinurat, A. (2023). Asas-Asas Hukum Pidana Matelril di Indonelsia. 324
Sulung, U., & Muspawi, M. (2024). Melmahami Sumbelr Data Pelnellitian : Primelr, Selkundelr, Dan Telrsielr. Jurnal ELdu Relselarch Indonelsian Institutel For Corporatel Lelarning And Studiels (IICLS), 5(Selptelmbelr), 121–125. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004263925_015
Shelelbakayla, R. (2024). Pelnelgakan Hukum telrhadap Pellaku Pelmbukaan Lahan yang Melnyelbabkan Kelbakaran Hutan. Savana: Indonelsian Journal of Natural Relsourcels and ELnvironmelntal Law, 1(2), 133–144. https://doi.org/10.25134/savana.v1i2.146
Sopiyanto, Chandra, T. Y., & Ismeld, M. (2024). Pelrtanggungjawaban Pidana Korporasi Pellaku Tindak Pidana Pelmbakaran Hutan Dan Lahan Untuk Kelpelntingan Pelrkelbunan Sawit Di Indonelsia. Jurnal Riselt Ilmiah, 1(7), 565–570.
Seltiyono, Rini Purwaningsih, A. C. (2024). Pelrtanggungjawaban Korporasi Dalam Tindak Pidana Lingkungan Telrhadap Kelbakaran Hutan Dan Lahan Yang Belrdampak Dilampauinya Baku Mutu Kelrusakan Lingkungan Hidup. Jurnal Riselt Ilmiah, 1(7), 565–570.
Taruna Gigih Pamungkas. (2024). Analisis Pelnelrapan Sanksi Pidana Telrhadap Korporasi Selbagai Pellaku Pelncelraman Udara. 1–23.
Tampongangoy, R. M., Tooy, C. S., & Assa, W. (2022). Pelnelgakan Hukum Telrhadap Pellaku Pelmbukaan Lahan Delngan Melmbakar Hutan. Lelx Administratum, 10(3), 1–13. https://eljournal.unsrat.ac.id/indelx.php/administra tum/articlel/vielw/41987
Utama, A. S., & Rizana. (2020). Pelnelgakan Hukum Telrhadap Kelbakaran Hutan. Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, IV(I), 33–39.
Wattimelna, R. M., Hukum, F., Studi, P., Kampus, D., & Univelrsitas, U. (2024). Pelnelgakan Hukum Lingkungan Telrhadap Masyarakat Adat Yang Mellakukan ELksploitasi Di Wilayah Pelsisir. 4(2), 51–61.
Wiratama, Galih Putra, and Seltiyono. “Pelrtanggungjawaban Pidana Telrhadap Korporasi Yang Mellakukan Tindak Pidana Lingkungan Hidup.” Melrdelka Law Journal 5, no. 2 (2024): 126–37.
Yunus, R., Moonti, R. M., Martam, N. K., Kasim, M. A., Hukum, M., & Gorontalo, U. (2025). Analisis Pelnelgakan Hukum Pidana telrhadap Keljahatan Korporasi. 2.
Yusyanti, Diana. “Tindak Pidana Pelmbakaran Hutan Dan Lahan Olelh Korporasi Untuk Melmbuka Usaha Pelrkelbunan.” Jurnal Pelnellitian Hukum Del Jurel 19, no. 4 (2019): 455. https://doi.org/10.30641/deljurel.2019.v19.455-478.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 M. Ardhan Hakim Lubis, Syaddan Dintara Lubis
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the Jurnal Mahkamah : Kajian Ilmu Hukum Dan Hukum Islam right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format) and adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the material) the work for any purpose, even commercially with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in Jurnal Mahkamah : Kajian Ilmu Hukum Dan Hukum Islam.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Jurnal Mahkamah : Kajian Ilmu Hukum Dan Hukum Islam.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
