Reconstructing Qiwāmah and Wilāyah in the Shāfiʿī Legal Tradition: Toward a Reform of Islamic Family Law in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25217/jm.v10i2.6846Keywords:
Fiqh Reconstruction, Gender Equality, Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah.Abstract
This study addresses an epistemological problem in Indonesian Islamic family law, which remains rooted in the classical Shāfi‘ī jurisprudential framework. The Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI), serving as the formal reference for Muslim family law, reproduces patriarchal paradigms through the concepts of qiwāmah (male leadership), nusyūz (wife’s disobedience), and wilāyah (male guardianship). These notions reinforce gender hierarchy and create tension between classical jurisprudential interpretations and modern principles of equality as guaranteed by the Constitution and international conventions such as CEDAW. Using a qualitative library research approach and a maqāṣidī-hermeneutical analysis, this study reinterprets classical legal texts through the lens of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah (the higher objectives of Islamic law), emphasizing justice (al-‘adl), welfare (al-maṣlaḥah), and human dignity (karāmah insāniyyah). Primary sources such as al-Māwardī’s al-Hāwī al-Kabīr and al-Ḥusnī’s Kifāyat al-Akhyār are examined alongside the maqāṣid frameworks of al-Syāṭibī, Ibn ‘Āshūr, and Jasser Auda. The findings reveal that through a maqāṣid-based reinterpretation, qiwāmah becomes a shared responsibility (takāful), nusyūz is reframed as relational dysfunction requiring reconciliation (ishlāḥ), and wilāyah transforms into a protective-administrative function rather than patriarchal authority. This reconstruction yields a model of responsive maqāṣidī fiqh, an adaptive Islamic legal system that aligns with social transformation and upholds justice and gender equality in family life.
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