The Study of Ammatoa Customary Forest Management by the Kajang Tribe for the Development of a Conservation-Based Learning (CBL) Model Integrated with Local Wisdom
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25217/ji.v10i3.6638Keywords:
Conservation Based Learning (CBL), Local Wisdom, Environmental Literacy, Education, Quasi-ExperimentalAbstract
This study aims to examine the effectiveness of applying the Conservation Based Learning (CBL) model integrated with local wisdom in improving the environmental literacy of fifth-grade students at SDN 351 Kawasan Ammatoa, Bulukumba Regency, South Sulawesi. Using a quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group, this study involved two classes, namely an experimental class taught using the CBL model and a control class taught using conventional methods. Data collection was conducted through learning outcome tests in the form of multiple-choice and essay questions that measured students' environmental literacy, which included understanding conservation concepts, the ability to analyze environmental problems, and the application of knowledge in daily life. The results showed that the application of the CBL model integrated with local wisdom had a significant impact on improving students' environmental literacy, with the average posttest score for the experimental group reaching 86.00, while the control group only scored 61.81. Hypothesis testing using an independent t-test showed a significant difference between the two groups (p < 0.05). In addition, N-Gain score analysis revealed a higher increase in the experimental group (0.76) compared to the control group (0.35), indicating that the CBL model is more effective in improving environmental literacy. Thus, this study confirms that the CBL model, which integrates local wisdom, can significantly improve students' understanding, analysis, and application of environmental knowledge, which is important for shaping sustainable environmental awareness
References
Abraham, I., and Y. Supriyati. 2022. "Quasi-Experimentalin Education." Mandala Education Scientific Journal 8(3).
https://doi.org/10.58258/jime.v8i3.3800
Acharibasam, John Bosco, and Janet McVittie. 2023. "Connecting Children to Nature through the Integration of Indigenous Ecological Knowledge into Early Childhood Environmental Education." Australian Journal of Environmental Education 39(3):349-61. doi:10.1017/aee.2022.37.
https://doi.org/10.1017/aee.2022.37
Alt, Dorit, Nir Alt, and Merav Hadar-Frumer. 2020. "Measuring Halliwick Foundation Course Students' Perceptions of Case-Based Learning, Assessment and Transfer of Learning." Learning Environments Research 23(1):59-85. doi:10.1007/s10984-019-09286-x.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10984-019-09286-x
Andrade, Chittaranjan. 2021. "The Limitations of Quasi-Experimental Studies, and Methods for Data Analysis When a Quasi-Experimental Research Design Is Unavoidable." Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 43(5):451-52. doi:10.1177/02537176211034707.
https://doi.org/10.1177/02537176211034707
Anwar, Lathiful, Cholis Sa'dijah, Irma Rachmah Hidayah, and Abdul Halim Abdullah. 2024. "Integrating Local Wisdom and Project-Based Learning to Enhance Critical Thinking, Collaboration, and Creativity in Mathematics Education: A Pilot Study with Eighth Grade Students in Malang." AIP Conference Proceedings 3148(1):040032. doi:10.1063/5.0241446.
https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0241446
Arib, M. F., M. S. Rahayu, R. A. Sidorj, and M. W. Afgani. 2024. "Experimentalin Educational Research." Innovative: Journal of Social Science Research 4(1).
Asrin, A. 2022. "Experimental Research Methods." Maqasiduna: Journal of Education, Humanities, and Social Sciences 2(01). doi:10.59174/mqs.v2i01.24.
https://doi.org/10.59174/mqs.v2i01.24
Balážová, Mária, Jana Ciceková, Jozef Macko, and Eva Záhorská. 2024. "Ecological Literacy of Pupils of Primary Education in Slovakia as a Precondition of Biodiversity Education." European Journal of Educational Research 13(4):1791-1803. doi:10.12973/eu-jer.13.4.1791.
https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.13.4.1791
Bernadett, Szilárd Pálma, and Badics Milán Csaba. 2024. "Examining Normal Distribution: Which Test to Use?" Statisztikai Szemle 102(1):5-37. doi:10.20311/stat2024.01.hu0005.
https://doi.org/10.20311/stat2024.01.hu0005
Bian, Yu, Yong Ni, Ya Guo, Jing Wen, Jie Chen, Ling Chen, and Yongpeng Yang. 2024. "Urban Geothermal Resource Potential Mapping Using Data-Driven Models-A Case Study of Zhuhai City." Sustainability 16(17):7501. doi:10.3390/su16177501.
https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177501
Christiawan, Putu Indra. 2018. "Cultural Landscape: A Bridge Between Deforestation and Local Community?" Journal of Landscape Ecology 11(2):77-87. doi:10.2478/jlecol-2018-0008.
https://doi.org/10.2478/jlecol-2018-0008
Costa, Camila De Carvalho, and José Roberto Caetano Da Rocha. 2017. "Perception of environmental education process and production of solid waste for elementary school students." Periodico Tche Quimica 14(28):56-65.
https://doi.org/10.52571/PTQ.v14.n28.2017.56_Periodico28_pgs_56_65.pdf
D'eon, Jessica C., Sivani Baskaran, Jennifer A. Faust, M. Staikova, and Cora J. Young. 2024. "Welcome to 310 Environmental Working Group! A Group Project That Places Students in the Role of Consultants Helping Businesses Choose the Most Climate Friendly Fluorinated Gas." Journal of Chemical Education 101(10):4203-13. doi:10.1021/acs.jchemed.4c00479.
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.4c00479
Devecchi, Monica, Elisa Dagnino, Massimo Milelli, Katriina Soini, and Antonio Parodi. 2024. "Climate Change Education in a Secondary School, the I‐CHANGE Project Approach." European Journal of Education 60(1). doi:10.1111/ejed.12875.
https://doi.org/10.1111/ejed.12875
Deveci, İsa, and İbrahim Karteri. 2022. "Context-Based Learning Supported by Environmental Measurement Devices in Science Teacher Education: A Mixed Method Research." Journal of Biological Education 56(5):487-512. doi:10.1080/00219266.2020.1821083.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00219266.2020.1821083
Elliott, Lorraine. 2017. "Environmental Regionalism: Moving in from the Policy Margins." The Pacific Review 30(6):952-65. doi:10.1080/09512748.2017.1303534.
https://doi.org/10.1080/09512748.2017.1303534
Ernst, Julie, and Donna Stanek. 2006. "The Prairie Science Class: A Model for Re-Visioning Environmental Education within the National Wildlife Refuge System." Human Dimensions of Wildlife 11(4):255-65. doi:10.1080/10871200600803010.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10871200600803010
Febriasari, L. K., and N. Supriatna. 2017. "Enhance Environmental Literacy through Problem Based Learning." in J. Phys. Conf. Ser. Vol. 895. Institute of Physics Publishing.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/895/1/012163
Gamin, Gamin. 2024. "Human Resource Development in Forestry Planning Support of Forest Area Khatulistiwa Profesional: of Human Resource Public Policy 4(2):92-103. doi:10.62099/khapro.v4i2.72.
https://doi.org/10.62099/khapro.v4i2.72
Gilleran Stephens, Caroline, Sarpong Hammond Antwi, and Suzanne Linnane. 2025. "Universal Design for Learning (UDL): A Framework for Re-Design of an Environmental Education (EE) Outreach Program for a More Inclusive and Impactful Science Festival Event." Discover Education 4(1). doi:10.1007/s44217-025-00660-x.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s44217-025-00660-x
Goodell, Jim, and Khanh-Phuong (KP) Thai. 2020. "A Learning Engineering Model for Learner-Centered Adaptive Systems." Pp. 557-73 in HCI International 2020 - Late Breaking Papers: Cognition, Learning and Games, edited by C. Stephanidis, D. Harris, W.-C. Li, D. D. Schmorrow, C. M. Fidopiastis, P. Zaphiris, A. Ioannou, X. Fang, R. A. Sottilare, and J. Schwarz. Cham: Springer International Publishing.
Habel, Jan Christian, Kathrin Schultze-Gebhardt, Halimu Shauri, Ali M. Maarifa, Marianne Maghenda, Maria Fungomeli, and Mike Teucher. 2023. "Kaya Forests: Nucleus of Cultural and Biological Diversity and Functionality." Journal of Tropical Ecology 39. doi:10.1017/s026646742300010x.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S026646742300010X
Hasyim, Dadang Muhammad, Dito Anurogo, Yessikah Feiby Bansaleng, Siti Fatmah Hiola, and Nuralfin Anripa. 2025. "Potential of Medicinal Plants in Indonesian Forest Biodiversity Conservation in Synergy with Pharmaceutical Technology for Modern Medicine." International Journal of Engineering, Science and Information Technology 5(3):200-207. doi:10.52088/ijesty.v5i3.899.
https://doi.org/10.52088/ijesty.v5i3.899
Hudhana, Winda Dwi, Sumarlam, and Sumarwati. 2025. "Digital Comics of Folktales as Learning Media to Strengthen Elementary School Students' Ecoliteracy." 15(2):443-51. doi:10.17507/tpls.1502.14.
https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1502.14
Isnawati, Isnawati, Siti Sriyati, Rika Rafikah Agustin, and Supriyadi Supriyadi. 2025. "Synthesizing of Place-Based Education Research in Science Learning Research: What, Why, and How." in AIP Conf. Proc. Vol. 3206. American Institute of Physics.
https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0263042
Katili, Abubakar Sidik, Ramli Utina, Yowan Tamu, and Elya Nusantari. 2018. "Management of Coastal Biodiversity Based on Social-Cultural Values in Constructing Conservation Character Education." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 19(5):1763-68. doi:10.13057/biodiv/d190524.
https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190524
Ministry of Forestry. 2024. "Indonesia's Deforestation in 2024." https://www.kehutanan.go.id/news/article-10.
Khusniati, iranita, , and Sudarmin. 2017. "Local Wisdom-Based Science Learning Model through Reconstruction of Indigenous Science to Improve Student's Conservationist Character." Journal of Turkish Science Education 14(3):16-23. doi:10.12973/tused.10202a.
Krasny, Marianne E., Cecilia Lundholm, Soul Shava, Eunju Lee, and Hiromi Kobori. 2013. "Urban Landscapes as Learning Arenas for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Management." Urbanization, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services: Challenges and Opportunities: A Global Assessment, edited by T. Elmqvist, M. Fragkias, J. Goodness, B. Güneralp, P. J. Marcotullio, R. I. McDonald, S. Parnell, M. Schewenius, M. Sendstad, K. C. Seto, and C. Wilkinson. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.
Krass, Ines. 2016. "Quasi Experimental Designs in Pharmacist Intervention Research." International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy 38(3):647-54. doi:10.1007/s11096-016-0256-y.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-016-0256-y
Laily, Seventina. 2023. "and Experiences of Students at MI Ma'arif NU Penaruban in Understanding the Benefits of Social Studies Learning in the School and Community Jurnal Kependidikan 11(2):185-98. doi:10.24090/jk.v11i2.8506.
https://doi.org/10.24090/jk.v11i2.8506
Lubis, Silvi Puspa Widya, I. Gusti Putu Suryadarma, Paidi, and Bagus Endri Yanto. 2022. "The Effectiveness of Problem-Based Learning with Local Wisdom Oriented to Socio-Scientific Issues." International Journal of Instruction 15(2):455-72. doi:10.29333/iji.2022.15225a.
https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2022.15225a
Mann, Prem S. 2010. Introductory Statistics. John Wiley & Sons.
Marušić-Jablanović, Milica, Zorica Veinović, Jelena Stanišić, Dragana Gundogan, and Thomas Marcinkowski. 2025. "What Shapes Environmental Identity: Insights from Highly Environmentally Literate Students." Zbornik Instituta Za Pedagoska Istrazivanja 57(1):75-98.
https://doi.org/10.2298/ZIPI2501075M
Meltzer, David E. 2002. "The Relationship between Mathematics Preparation and Conceptual Learning Gains in Physics: A Possible 'Hidden Variable' in Diagnostic Pretest Scores." American Journal of Physics 70(12):1259-68. doi:10.1119/1.1514215.
https://doi.org/10.1119/1.1514215
Miterianifa, , and Muhammad F. Mawarni. 2024. "the Environmental Literacyin Improving Environmental Knowledge Journal of Science and Science Education 7(1):68-73. doi:10.24246/juses.v7i1p68-73.
https://doi.org/10.24246/juses.v7i1p68-73
Mulyanie, Erni, and Iwan Setiawan. 2024. "Enhancing Environmental Awareness Through Ecopedagogy and Local Wisdom: A Study of Geography Education Students in Kampung Naga." E3S Web of Conferences 600:05001. doi:10.1051/e3sconf/202460005001.
https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202460005001
Munjiatun, Eddy Noviana, Zufriady, , and Zariul Antosa. 2020. "TAM Integration in Thematic Learning; Preliminary Study of Eco-Culture Learning in Primary Schools." International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research 9(2):2042-46.
Nadiroh, and I. Irdiyansyah. 2021. "Elementary School Students' Environmental Disposition: Students' Sensitivity Level toward Environment." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 802(1):012051. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/802/1/012051.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/802/1/012051
Ningrum, E., Nandi, and D. Sungkawa. 2018. "The Impact of Local Wisdom-Based Learning Model on Students' Understanding on The Land Ethic." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 145(1):012086. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/145/1/012086.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/145/1/012086
Noviana, Eddy, Hasnah Faizah, M. Nur Mustafa, Elmustian, , Otang Kurniaman, M. Arli Rusandi, and Dominikus David Biondi Situmorang. 2023. "Understanding 'Tunjuk Ajar Melayu Riau': Integrating Local Knowledge into Environmental Conservation and Disaster Education." Heliyon 9(9). doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19989.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19989
Nurramadhani, Annisa, R. Riandi, Anna Permanasari, and R. Suwarma. 2022. "Low Carbon Education: Student's Understanding, Applications In Daily Life, And Science LearninG." Journal of Engineering Science and Technology 17:101-9.
Perdinan, Z. Imran, R. Ardiansyah, S. Widayanti, S. W. Sugiarto, R. Rosita, T. A. W. Asnan, H. C. Nugraha, D. S. O. Basuki, S. Bahri, A. Yusmur, S. Marlinda, Supriyanto, R. Febriana, S. Lastiah, and T. S. Tjahjandarie. 2024. "Prototyping Field-Based Learning via Agro-Eco-Edu-Tourism." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1359(1):012136. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1359/1/012136.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1359/1/012136
Prasetyo, Hendi, and Vera Anitra. 2020. "The Influence of Religiosity on Employee Performance: A Study of Educationalat Muhammadiyah University of East Kalimantan." Borneo Student Research 2(1):705-13.
Rehman, A., K. Jabran, and M. Farooq. 2023. "Curricula Transformations and Alternative Pedagogical Approaches for Sustainable Agriculture and Environment." International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 30(4):242-52. doi:10.17957/IJAB/15.2081.
Riskawati, , Meri H. Jannah, Nurasmita, and Sherly Sherly. 2021. "The Effect of Challenge-Based Learning (CBL) Information Literacy and Science Literacy Skills Grade XI StudentsJeneponto." .Nalar Pendidikan
Rozzi, Ricardo, Francisca Massardo, Christopher B. Anderson, Kurt Heidinger, and John A. Silander Jr. 2006. "Ten Principles for Biocultural Conservation at the Southern Tip of the Americas: The Approach of the Omora Ethnobotanical Park." Ecology and Society 11(1). doi:10.5751/ES-01709-110143.
https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-01709-110143
Rustiadi, Ernan, and Thomas Oni Veriasa. 2022. "Towards Inclusive Indonesian Forestry: An Overview of a Spatial Planning and Agrarian Perspective." Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika 28(1). doi:10.7226/jtfm.28.1.60.
https://doi.org/10.7226/jtfm.28.1.60
Ruthanam, . 2025. "Preparing Future Environmental Health Practitioners through Problem-Based and Community-Based Approaches: Experiences of Environmental Health Students." Journal of Environmental Health 87(9):26-33. doi:10.70387/001c.137194.
https://doi.org/10.70387/001c.137194
Safitri, ,Habibi, and Helliyatul Matlubah. 2024. "Lingkungan Siswa SMP Di Daerah Kepulauan." Snapp 2(1):295-307. doi:10.24929/snapp.v2i1.3149.
https://doi.org/10.24929/snapp.v2i1.3149
Saglam, Murat. 2016. "Exploring Fifth-Grade Turkish Children's Solutions and Future Plans for Environmental Pollution through Their Drawings." Asia-Pacific Forum on Science Learning and Teaching 17(2).
Sarbaini, Asep Herry Hernawan, Deni Darmawan, and Mohammad Ali. 2022. "Environmental Education Based On Local Values: Its Integration In The Indonesian Elementary School Curriculum." International Journal of Education and Practice 10(4):322-33. doi:10.18488/61.v10i4.3174.
https://doi.org/10.18488/61.v10i4.3174
Sari, Defita, Siti Sriyati, and Rini Solihat. 2020. "The Development of Ethnobotany Based Local Wisdom Learning Materials to Improve Environmental Literacy and Creative Thinking Skills."
https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.12-10-2019.2296334
Scarborough, David L. A., Rod D. Hall, and Kellie E. N. Vanderkruk. 2022. "Laboratory Research Projects in Undergraduate Environmental and Analytical Chemistry." Journal of Chemical Education 99(4):1672-81. doi:10.1021/acs.jchemed.1c01181.
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.1c01181
Sedgwick, P. 2015. "A Comparison of Parametric and Non-Parametric Statistical Tests." BMJ 350(apr17 1):h2053-h2053. doi:10.1136/bmj.h2053.
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.h2053
Shabalala, Nonkanyiso Pamella. 2025. "Decolonising Environmental Education in Africa through the Early Integration of Indigenous Knowledge Systems Guided by Zibanjwa Zisemaphuphu." Discover Sustainability 6(1). doi:10.1007/s43621-025-01822-5.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-025-01822-5
Shapiro, S. S., M. B. Wilk, and H. J. Chen. 1968. "A Comparative Study of Various Tests for Normality." Journal of the American Statistical Association 63(324):1343-72. doi:10.1080/01621459.1968.10480932.
https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1968.10480932
Sianturi, . 2022. "Homogeneityas a Requirement for Analysis Journal of Education, Social, and Religion 8(1):386-97. doi:10.53565/pssa.v8i1.507.
https://doi.org/10.53565/pssa.v8i1.507
Slikkerveer, L. Jan, and Sander L. Gellaerts. 2024. "The Indigenous Knowledge Systems-Based Ethnoscientific Model of Integrated Eco-Education (IEE): Multicultural Prospects of Environmental Education." Pp. 108-37 in Fostering an Ecological Shift Through Effective Environmental Education, edited by T. Kochetkova. IGI Global.
https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-2577-3.ch008
Slozhenkina, M. I., A. M. Fedotova, E. A. Mosolova, and I. S. Larionova. 2021. "Conservation of the Earth's Biodiversity in the Era of Environmental Challenges." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 848(1):012204. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/848/1/012204.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/848/1/012204
Sugiyono. 2019. . Bandung: Alfabeta.
Surtikanti, H. K., A. Syulasmi, and N. Ramdhani. 2017. "Traditional Knowledge of Local Wisdom of Ammatoa Kajang Tribe (South Sulawesi) about Environmental Conservation." in J. Phys. Conf. Ser. Vol. 895. Institute of Physics Publishing.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/895/1/012122
Suryani, Susi, Chatarina Muryani, and Yasin Yusup. 2020. "Development of Subject Specific Pedagogy Integrated with Local Wisdom to Improve Environmental Care Attitude of Elementary Students at Merapi Indonesia." Journal of Critical Reviews 7(5):494-501. doi:10.31838/jcr.07.05.106.
https://doi.org/10.31838/jcr.07.05.106
Tadena, Maria Theresa G., and Monera A. Salic-Hairulla. 2021. "Local-Based Lesson on Hydrologic Cycle with Environmental Education Integration: Designing Learners Ideas through STEM." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1835(1):012035. doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1835/1/012035.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1835/1/012035
Tapilouw, M. C., H. Firman, S. Redjeki, and D. T. Chandra. 2017. "Junior High School Students' Perception about Simple Environmental Problem as an Impact of Problem Based Learning." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 895(1):012130. doi:10.1088/1742-6596/895/1/012130.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/895/1/012130
Triyandana, , Ibrohim Ibrohim, Yanuwiyadi, Mohamad Amin, and Maya Umi Hajar. 2024. "Strategies to Enhance Eco-Friendly Culture and Environmental Awareness by Green Curriculum Integration in Indonesian Elementary Science Classroom." International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education 17(1):217-31.
https://doi.org/10.26822/iejee.2024.374
Usman, Usman, Hasmawaty Hasmawaty, Sadaruddin Sadaruddin, Syamsuardi Syamsuardi, and Nasaruddin Nasarudin. 2023. "The Effect of Rhythmic Gymnastics Activities the Gross Motor Aged 5-6 Years." Usia Dini 9(2):338. doi:10.24114/jud.v9i2.52621.
https://doi.org/10.24114/jud.v9i2.52621
Usmeldi, and Risda Amini. 2020. "The Effect of Integrated Science Learning Based on Local Wisdom to Increase the Students Competency." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1470(1):012028. doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1470/1/012028.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1470/1/012028
Utthawang, Phannikar, Wongchantra, and Prasat Neungchalerm. 2012. "The Multiple Intelligences Integrated Learning of Environmental Education to Promote Knowledge, Attitude and Awareness about Environmental Conservation of Chiang Mai Rajabhat University Students." Social Sciences 7(2):308-15. doi:10.3923/sscience.2012.308.315.
https://doi.org/10.3923/sscience.2012.308.315
Wahzudik, Niam, Istyarini, Wardi, Sugeng Purwanto, and Basuki Sulistio. 2020. "Design of Green Curriculum Implementation in Learning in Higher Education." International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research 9(2):4250-55.
Wajdi, Muhammad, Asham Bin Jamaluddin, Nurdiyanti Nurdiyanti, and Nurul Magfirah. 2022. "The Effectiveness of Problem-Based Learning with Environmental-Based Comic in Enhancing Students Environmental Literacy." International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education 11(3):1049-57. doi:10.11591/ijere.v11i3.22140.
https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v11i3.22140
Zulfa, Salsabila I., Ainun Nikmah, and Elin K. Nisak. 2020. "Analysis of Concept in Hydrostatic Pressure and Pascal's Law in Physics Education Students." Indonesian Physics Journal 24(1):24. doi:10.22146/jfi.v24i1.51870.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Akhmad Kurnia, Muhammad Yasir Arafat, Muhammad Wajdi, Usman Usman, Fadhil Surur
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
